我有一个类MyClass，它包含两个成员变量foo和bar:
class MyClass:
def __init__(self, foo, bar):
self.foo = foo
self.bar = bar
我有这个类的两个实例，每个实例都有相同的foo和bar值:
x = MyClass('foo', 'bar')
y = MyClass('foo', 'bar')
然而，当我比较它们是否相等时，Python返回False:
>>> x == y
False
我如何使python认为这两个对象相等?
当前回答
在Python 3.7(及以上版本)中的数据类中，对象实例的相等性比较是一个内置特性。
Python 3.6提供了数据类的后端端口。
(Py37) nsc@nsc-vbox:~$ python
Python 3.7.5 (default, Nov 7 2019, 10:50:52)
[GCC 8.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from dataclasses import dataclass
>>> @dataclass
... class MyClass():
... foo: str
... bar: str
...
>>> x = MyClass(foo="foo", bar="bar")
>>> y = MyClass(foo="foo", bar="bar")
>>> x == y
True
其他回答
你应该实现方法__eq__:
class MyClass:
def __init__(self, foo, bar, name):
self.foo = foo
self.bar = bar
self.name = name
def __eq__(self,other):
if not isinstance(other,MyClass):
return NotImplemented
else:
#string lists of all method names and properties of each of these objects
prop_names1 = list(self.__dict__)
prop_names2 = list(other.__dict__)
n = len(prop_names1) #number of properties
for i in range(n):
if getattr(self,prop_names1[i]) != getattr(other,prop_names2[i]):
return False
return True
在你的类中实现__eq__方法;就像这样:
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.path == other.path and self.title == other.title
编辑:如果你想让你的对象比较相等当且仅当它们有相等的实例字典:
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
总结如下:
It's advised to implement __eq__ rather than __cmp__, except if you run python <= 2.0 (__eq__ has been added in 2.1) Don't forget to also implement __ne__ (should be something like return not self.__eq__(other) or return not self == other except very special case) Don`t forget that the operator must be implemented in each custom class you want to compare (see example below). If you want to compare with object that can be None, you must implement it. The interpreter cannot guess it ... (see example below) class B(object): def __init__(self): self.name = "toto" def __eq__(self, other): if other is None: return False return self.name == other.name class A(object): def __init__(self): self.toto = "titi" self.b_inst = B() def __eq__(self, other): if other is None: return False return (self.toto, self.b_inst) == (other.toto, other.b_inst)
下面通过在两个对象层次结构之间进行深度比较来工作(在我有限的测试中)。In处理各种情况，包括对象本身或其属性是字典的情况。
def deep_comp(o1:Any, o2:Any)->bool:
# NOTE: dict don't have __dict__
o1d = getattr(o1, '__dict__', None)
o2d = getattr(o2, '__dict__', None)
# if both are objects
if o1d is not None and o2d is not None:
# we will compare their dictionaries
o1, o2 = o1.__dict__, o2.__dict__
if o1 is not None and o2 is not None:
# if both are dictionaries, we will compare each key
if isinstance(o1, dict) and isinstance(o2, dict):
for k in set().union(o1.keys() ,o2.keys()):
if k in o1 and k in o2:
if not deep_comp(o1[k], o2[k]):
return False
else:
return False # some key missing
return True
# mismatched object types or both are scalers, or one or both None
return o1 == o2
这是一个非常棘手的代码，所以请在注释中添加任何可能不适合你的情况。
根据具体情况，你可以这样做:
>>> vars(x) == vars(y)
True
参见对象字段中的Python字典
