我有一个类MyClass,它包含两个成员变量foo和bar:

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self, foo, bar):
        self.foo = foo
        self.bar = bar

我有这个类的两个实例,每个实例都有相同的foo和bar值:

x = MyClass('foo', 'bar')
y = MyClass('foo', 'bar')

然而,当我比较它们是否相等时,Python返回False:

>>> x == y
False

我如何使python认为这两个对象相等?


当前回答

在你的类中实现__eq__方法;就像这样:

def __eq__(self, other):
    return self.path == other.path and self.title == other.title

编辑:如果你想让你的对象比较相等当且仅当它们有相等的实例字典:

def __eq__(self, other):
    return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__

其他回答

重写对象中的富比较运算符。

class MyClass:
 def __lt__(self, other):
      # return comparison
 def __le__(self, other):
      # return comparison
 def __eq__(self, other):
      # return comparison
 def __ne__(self, other):
      # return comparison
 def __gt__(self, other):
      # return comparison
 def __ge__(self, other):
      # return comparison

是这样的:

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self._id == other._id

当比较对象的实例时,将调用__cmp__函数。

如果==操作符在默认情况下不适用,您总是可以为对象重新定义__cmp__函数。

编辑:

如上所述,__cmp__函数自3.0起已弃用。 相反,你应该使用“丰富比较”方法。

总结如下:

It's advised to implement __eq__ rather than __cmp__, except if you run python <= 2.0 (__eq__ has been added in 2.1) Don't forget to also implement __ne__ (should be something like return not self.__eq__(other) or return not self == other except very special case) Don`t forget that the operator must be implemented in each custom class you want to compare (see example below). If you want to compare with object that can be None, you must implement it. The interpreter cannot guess it ... (see example below) class B(object): def __init__(self): self.name = "toto" def __eq__(self, other): if other is None: return False return self.name == other.name class A(object): def __init__(self): self.toto = "titi" self.b_inst = B() def __eq__(self, other): if other is None: return False return (self.toto, self.b_inst) == (other.toto, other.b_inst)

根据具体情况,你可以这样做:

>>> vars(x) == vars(y)
True

参见对象字段中的Python字典

使用setattr函数。当您不能在类本身中添加内容时,例如,当您导入类时,您可能想要使用此方法。

setattr(MyClass, "__eq__", lambda x, y: x.foo == y.foo and x.bar == y.bar)