我有一个类MyClass,它包含两个成员变量foo和bar:
class MyClass:
def __init__(self, foo, bar):
self.foo = foo
self.bar = bar
我有这个类的两个实例,每个实例都有相同的foo和bar值:
x = MyClass('foo', 'bar')
y = MyClass('foo', 'bar')
然而,当我比较它们是否相等时,Python返回False:
>>> x == y
False
我如何使python认为这两个对象相等?
总结如下:
It's advised to implement __eq__ rather than __cmp__, except if you run python <= 2.0 (__eq__ has been added in 2.1)
Don't forget to also implement __ne__ (should be something like return not self.__eq__(other) or return not self == other except very special case)
Don`t forget that the operator must be implemented in each custom class you want to compare (see example below).
If you want to compare with object that can be None, you must implement it. The interpreter cannot guess it ... (see example below)
class B(object):
def __init__(self):
self.name = "toto"
def __eq__(self, other):
if other is None:
return False
return self.name == other.name
class A(object):
def __init__(self):
self.toto = "titi"
self.b_inst = B()
def __eq__(self, other):
if other is None:
return False
return (self.toto, self.b_inst) == (other.toto, other.b_inst)
总结如下:
It's advised to implement __eq__ rather than __cmp__, except if you run python <= 2.0 (__eq__ has been added in 2.1)
Don't forget to also implement __ne__ (should be something like return not self.__eq__(other) or return not self == other except very special case)
Don`t forget that the operator must be implemented in each custom class you want to compare (see example below).
If you want to compare with object that can be None, you must implement it. The interpreter cannot guess it ... (see example below)
class B(object):
def __init__(self):
self.name = "toto"
def __eq__(self, other):
if other is None:
return False
return self.name == other.name
class A(object):
def __init__(self):
self.toto = "titi"
self.b_inst = B()
def __eq__(self, other):
if other is None:
return False
return (self.toto, self.b_inst) == (other.toto, other.b_inst)
在Python 3.7(及以上版本)中的数据类中,对象实例的相等性比较是一个内置特性。
Python 3.6提供了数据类的后端端口。
(Py37) nsc@nsc-vbox:~$ python
Python 3.7.5 (default, Nov 7 2019, 10:50:52)
[GCC 8.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from dataclasses import dataclass
>>> @dataclass
... class MyClass():
... foo: str
... bar: str
...
>>> x = MyClass(foo="foo", bar="bar")
>>> y = MyClass(foo="foo", bar="bar")
>>> x == y
True