我对所有的回复都不满意,因为它们中的大多数工作非常缓慢,并且对于大目录产生不必要的长输出,所以我编写了自己的Python脚本来比较两个文件夹。
与许多其他解决方案不同,它不比较文件的内容。此外,它也不会进入另一个目录中缺少的子目录。因此输出相当简洁,脚本工作速度很快。
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os, sys
def compare_dirs(d1: "old directory name", d2: "new directory name"):
def print_local(a, msg):
print('DIR ' if a[2] else 'FILE', a[1], msg)
# ensure validity
for d in [d1,d2]:
if not os.path.isdir(d):
raise ValueError("not a directory: " + d)
# get relative path
l1 = [(x,os.path.join(d1,x)) for x in os.listdir(d1)]
l2 = [(x,os.path.join(d2,x)) for x in os.listdir(d2)]
# determine type: directory or file?
l1 = sorted([(x,y,os.path.isdir(y)) for x,y in l1])
l2 = sorted([(x,y,os.path.isdir(y)) for x,y in l2])
i1 = i2 = 0
common_dirs = []
while i1<len(l1) and i2<len(l2):
if l1[i1][0] == l2[i2][0]: # same name
if l1[i1][2] == l2[i2][2]: # same type
if l1[i1][2]: # remember this folder for recursion
common_dirs.append((l1[i1][1], l2[i2][1]))
else:
print_local(l1[i1],'type changed')
i1 += 1
i2 += 1
elif l1[i1][0]<l2[i2][0]:
print_local(l1[i1],'removed')
i1 += 1
elif l1[i1][0]>l2[i2][0]:
print_local(l2[i2],'added')
i2 += 1
while i1<len(l1):
print_local(l1[i1],'removed')
i1 += 1
while i2<len(l2):
print_local(l2[i2],'added')
i2 += 1
# compare subfolders recursively
for sd1,sd2 in common_dirs:
compare_dirs(sd1, sd2)
if __name__=="__main__":
compare_dirs(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])
示例用法:
user@laptop:~$ python3 compare_dirs.py dir1/ dir2/
DIR dir1/out/flavor-domino removed
DIR dir2/out/flavor-maxim2 added
DIR dir1/target/vendor/flavor-domino removed
DIR dir2/target/vendor/flavor-maxim2 added
FILE dir1/tmp/.kconfig-flavor_domino removed
FILE dir2/tmp/.kconfig-flavor_maxim2 added
DIR dir2/tools/tools/LiveSuit_For_Linux64 added
或者如果你只想看到第一个目录中的文件:
user@laptop:~$ python3 compare_dirs.py dir2/ dir1/ | grep dir1
DIR dir1/out/flavor-domino added
DIR dir1/target/vendor/flavor-domino added
FILE dir1/tmp/.kconfig-flavor_domino added
附注:如果您需要比较文件大小和文件哈希值以寻找潜在的变化,我在这里发布了一个更新的脚本:https://gist.github.com/amakukha/f489cbde2afd32817f8e866cf4abe779