我想并行处理一个集合,但我在实现它时遇到了麻烦,因此我希望得到一些帮助。

如果我想在并行循环的lambda中调用c#中标记为async的方法,就会出现问题。例如:

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
Parallel.ForEach(myCollection, async item =>
{
  // some pre stuff
  var response = await GetData(item);
  bag.Add(response);
  // some post stuff
}
var count = bag.Count;

当计数为0时就会出现问题,因为创建的所有线程实际上都只是后台线程和并行线程。ForEach调用不等待完成。如果我删除async关键字,方法看起来像这样:

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
Parallel.ForEach(myCollection, item =>
{
  // some pre stuff
  var responseTask = await GetData(item);
  responseTask.Wait();
  var response = responseTask.Result;
  bag.Add(response);
  // some post stuff
}
var count = bag.Count;

它的工作,但它完全禁用等待聪明,我必须做一些手动异常处理..(为简洁起见,删除)。

我如何实现一个并行。ForEach循环,它在lambda?这可能吗?

平行飞船的原型。ForEach方法以Action<T>作为参数,但我希望它等待我的异步lambda。


当前回答

使用SemaphoreSlim可以实现并行控制。

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
var maxParallel = 20;
var throttler = new SemaphoreSlim(initialCount: maxParallel);
var tasks = myCollection.Select(async item =>
{
  await throttler.WaitAsync();
  try
  {
     var response = await GetData(item);
     bag.Add(response);
  }
  finally
  {
     throttler.Release();
  }
});
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
var count = bag.Count;

其他回答

如果你只想要简单的并行,你可以这样做:

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
var tasks = myCollection.Select(async item =>
{
  // some pre stuff
  var response = await GetData(item);
  bag.Add(response);
  // some post stuff
});
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
var count = bag.Count;

如果你需要更复杂的东西,看看Stephen Toub的ForEachAsync帖子。

你可以使用AsyncEnumerator NuGet包中的ParallelForEachAsync扩展方法:

using Dasync.Collections;

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
await myCollection.ParallelForEachAsync(async item =>
{
  // some pre stuff
  var response = await GetData(item);
  bag.Add(response);
  // some post stuff
}, maxDegreeOfParallelism: 10);
var count = bag.Count;

免责声明:我是AsyncEnumerator库的作者,该库是开源的,在MIT的授权下,我发布这条消息只是为了帮助社区。

使用SemaphoreSlim可以实现并行控制。

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
var maxParallel = 20;
var throttler = new SemaphoreSlim(initialCount: maxParallel);
var tasks = myCollection.Select(async item =>
{
  await throttler.WaitAsync();
  try
  {
     var response = await GetData(item);
     bag.Add(response);
  }
  finally
  {
     throttler.Release();
  }
});
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
var count = bag.Count;

我的ParallelForEach异步的轻量级实现。

特点:

节流(最大并行度)。 异常处理(聚合异常将在完成时抛出)。 内存效率高(不需要存储任务列表)。

public static class AsyncEx
{
    public static async Task ParallelForEachAsync<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, Task> asyncAction, int maxDegreeOfParallelism = 10)
    {
        var semaphoreSlim = new SemaphoreSlim(maxDegreeOfParallelism);
        var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<object>();
        var exceptions = new ConcurrentBag<Exception>();
        bool addingCompleted = false;

        foreach (T item in source)
        {
            await semaphoreSlim.WaitAsync();
            asyncAction(item).ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                semaphoreSlim.Release();

                if (t.Exception != null)
                {
                    exceptions.Add(t.Exception);
                }

                if (Volatile.Read(ref addingCompleted) && semaphoreSlim.CurrentCount == maxDegreeOfParallelism)
                {
                    tcs.TrySetResult(null);
                }
            });
        }

        Volatile.Write(ref addingCompleted, true);
        await tcs.Task;
        if (exceptions.Count > 0)
        {
            throw new AggregateException(exceptions);
        }
    }
}

使用的例子:

await Enumerable.Range(1, 10000).ParallelForEachAsync(async (i) =>
{
    var data = await GetData(i);
}, maxDegreeOfParallelism: 100);

一个新的。net 6 api是Parallel。ForEachAsync,一种调度异步工作的方法,允许你控制并行度:

var urls = new [] 
{
    "https://dotnet.microsoft.com",
    "https://www.microsoft.com",
    "https://stackoverflow.com"
};

var client = new HttpClient();

var options = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 2 };
await Parallel.ForEachAsync(urls, options, async (url, token) =>
{
    var targetPath = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "http_cache", url);

    var response = await client.GetAsync(url);

    if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
    {
        using var target = File.OpenWrite(targetPath);

        await response.Content.CopyToAsync(target);
    }
});

另一个例子是Scott Hanselman的博客。

来源,供参考。