如何使用JavaScript进行AJAX调用,而不使用jQuery?


当前回答

这里有一个非常好的纯javascript解决方案

/*create an XMLHttpRequest object*/

let GethttpRequest=function(){  
  let httpRequest=false;
  if(window.XMLHttpRequest){
    httpRequest   =new XMLHttpRequest();
    if(httpRequest.overrideMimeType){
    httpRequest.overrideMimeType('text/xml');
    }
  }else if(window.ActiveXObject){
    try{httpRequest   =new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
  }catch(e){
      try{
        httpRequest   =new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
      }catch(e){}
    }
  }
  if(!httpRequest){return 0;}
  return httpRequest;
}

  /*Defining a function to make the request every time when it is needed*/

  function MakeRequest(){

    let uriPost       ="myURL";
    let xhrPost       =GethttpRequest();
    let fdPost        =new FormData();
    let date          =new Date();

    /*data to be sent on server*/
    let data          = { 
                        "name"      :"name",
                        "lName"     :"lName",
                        "phone"     :"phone",
                        "key"       :"key",
                        "password"  :"date"
                      };

    let JSONdata =JSON.stringify(data);             
    fdPost.append("data",JSONdata);
    xhrPost.open("POST" ,uriPost, true);
    xhrPost.timeout = 9000;/*the time you need to quit the request if it is not completed*/
    xhrPost.onloadstart = function (){
      /*do something*/
    };
    xhrPost.onload      = function (){
      /*do something*/
    };
    xhrPost.onloadend   = function (){
      /*do something*/
    }
    xhrPost.onprogress  =function(){
      /*do something*/
    }

    xhrPost.onreadystatechange =function(){

      if(xhrPost.readyState < 4){

      }else if(xhrPost.readyState === 4){

        if(xhrPost.status === 200){

          /*request succesfull*/

        }else if(xhrPost.status !==200){

          /*request failled*/

        }

      }


   }
  xhrPost.ontimeout = function (e){
    /*you can stop the request*/
  }
  xhrPost.onerror = function (){
    /*you can try again the request*/
  };
  xhrPost.onabort = function (){
    /*you can try again the request*/
  };
  xhrPost.overrideMimeType("text/plain; charset=x-user-defined-binary");
  xhrPost.setRequestHeader("Content-disposition", "form-data");
  xhrPost.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","xmlhttprequest");
  xhrPost.send(fdPost);
}

/*PHP side
<?php
  //check if the variable $_POST["data"] exists isset() && !empty()
  $data        =$_POST["data"];
  $decodedData =json_decode($_POST["data"]);
  //show a single item from the form
  echo $decodedData->name;

?>
*/

/*Usage*/
MakeRequest();

其他回答

xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
    if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
        alert(this.responseText);
    }
};
xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt", true);
xhttp.send();

老了,但我会尝试,也许有人会发现这个信息有用。

这是执行GET请求并获取一些JSON格式数据所需的最小代码量。这只适用于现代浏览器,如最新版本的Chrome, FF, Safari, Opera和Microsoft Edge。

const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', 'https://example.com/data.json'); // by default async 
xhr.responseType = 'json'; // in which format you expect the response to be


xhr.onload = function() {
  if(this.status == 200) {// onload called even on 404 etc so check the status
   console.log(this.response); // No need for JSON.parse()
  }
};

xhr.onerror = function() {
  // error 
};


xhr.send();

还可以查看新的Fetch API,它是XMLHttpRequest API的基于承诺的替代品。

<html>
  <script>
    var xmlDoc = null ;

  function load() {
    if (typeof window.ActiveXObject != 'undefined' ) {
      xmlDoc = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
      xmlDoc.onreadystatechange = process ;
    }
    else {
      xmlDoc = new XMLHttpRequest();
      xmlDoc.onload = process ;
    }
    xmlDoc.open( "GET", "background.html", true );
    xmlDoc.send( null );
  }

  function process() {
    if ( xmlDoc.readyState != 4 ) return ;
    document.getElementById("output").value = xmlDoc.responseText ;
  }

  function empty() {
    document.getElementById("output").value = '<empty>' ;
  }
</script>

<body>
  <textarea id="output" cols='70' rows='40'><empty></textarea>
  <br></br>
  <button onclick="load()">Load</button> &nbsp;
  <button onclick="empty()">Clear</button>
</body>
</html>

这可能会有帮助:

function doAjax(url, callback) {
    var xmlhttp = window.XMLHttpRequest ? new XMLHttpRequest() : new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");

    xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200) {
            callback(xmlhttp.responseText);
        }
    }

    xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true);
    xmlhttp.send();
}

使用“vanilla”(普通)JavaScript:

function loadXMLDoc() {
    var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();

    xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (xmlhttp.readyState == XMLHttpRequest.DONE) { // XMLHttpRequest.DONE == 4
           if (xmlhttp.status == 200) {
               document.getElementById("myDiv").innerHTML = xmlhttp.responseText;
           }
           else if (xmlhttp.status == 400) {
              alert('There was an error 400');
           }
           else {
               alert('something else other than 200 was returned');
           }
        }
    };

    xmlhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt", true);
    xmlhttp.send();
}

jQuery:

$.ajax({
    url: "test.html",
    context: document.body,
    success: function() {
      $(this).addClass("done");
    }
});