使用XMLHttpRequest。

简单的GET请求

httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest()
httpRequest.open('GET', 'http://www.example.org/some.file')
httpRequest.send()

简单的POST请求

httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest()
httpRequest.open('POST', 'http://www.example.org/some/endpoint')
httpRequest.send('some data')

我们可以通过可选的第三个参数指定请求应该是异步(true)(默认值)或同步(false)。

// Make a synchronous GET request
httpRequest.open('GET', 'http://www.example.org/some.file', false)

我们可以在调用httpRequest.send()之前设置头信息

httpRequest.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');

我们可以通过设置httpRequest来处理响应。在调用httpRequest.send()之前，onreadystatechange函数

httpRequest.onreadystatechange = function(){
  // Process the server response here.
  if (httpRequest.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE) {
    if (httpRequest.status === 200) {
      alert(httpRequest.responseText);
    } else {
      alert('There was a problem with the request.');
    }
  }
}

xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
    if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
        alert(this.responseText);
    }
};
xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt", true);
xhttp.send();

这可能会有帮助:

function doAjax(url, callback) {
    var xmlhttp = window.XMLHttpRequest ? new XMLHttpRequest() : new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");

    xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200) {
            callback(xmlhttp.responseText);
        }
    }

    xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true);
    xmlhttp.send();
}

这只是一个简单的4步过程，

我希望这对你们有帮助

步骤1。存储对XMLHttpRequest对象的引用

var xmlHttp = createXmlHttpRequestObject();

步骤2。检索XMLHttpRequest对象

function createXmlHttpRequestObject() {
    // will store the reference to the XMLHttpRequest object
    var xmlHttp;
    // if running Internet Explorer
    if (window.ActiveXObject) {
        try {
            xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
        } catch (e) {
            xmlHttp = false;
        }
    }
    // if running Mozilla or other browsers
    else {
        try {
            xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
        } catch (e) {
            xmlHttp = false;
        }
    }
    // return the created object or display an error message
    if (!xmlHttp)
        alert("Error creating the XMLHttpRequest object.");
    else
        return xmlHttp;
}

步骤3。使用XMLHttpRequest对象进行异步HTTP请求

function process() {
    // proceed only if the xmlHttp object isn't busy
    if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4 || xmlHttp.readyState == 0) {
        // retrieve the name typed by the user on the form
        item = encodeURIComponent(document.getElementById("input_item").value);
        // execute the your_file.php page from the server
        xmlHttp.open("GET", "your_file.php?item=" + item, true);
        // define the method to handle server responses
        xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleServerResponse;
        // make the server request
        xmlHttp.send(null);
    }
}

步骤4。当从服务器接收消息时自动执行

function handleServerResponse() {

    // move forward only if the transaction has completed
    if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
        // status of 200 indicates the transaction completed successfully
        if (xmlHttp.status == 200) {
            // extract the XML retrieved from the server
            xmlResponse = xmlHttp.responseText;
            document.getElementById("put_response").innerHTML = xmlResponse;
            // restart sequence
        }
        // a HTTP status different than 200 signals an error
        else {
            alert("There was a problem accessing the server: " + xmlHttp.statusText);
        }
    }
}

var load_process = false;
function ajaxCall(param, response) {

 if (load_process == true) {
     return;
 }
 else
 { 
  if (param.async == undefined) {
     param.async = true;
 }
 if (param.async == false) {
         load_process = true;
     }
 var xhr;

 xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();

 if (param.type != "GET") {
     xhr.open(param.type, param.url, true);

     if (param.processData != undefined && param.processData == false && param.contentType != undefined && param.contentType == false) {
     }
     else if (param.contentType != undefined || param.contentType == true) {
         xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', param.contentType);
     }
     else {
         xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
     }


 }
 else {
     xhr.open(param.type, param.url + "?" + obj_param(param.data));
 }

 xhr.onprogress = function (loadTime) {
     if (param.progress != undefined) {
         param.progress({ loaded: loadTime.loaded }, "success");
     }
 }
 xhr.ontimeout = function () {
     this.abort();
     param.success("timeout", "timeout");
     load_process = false;
 };

 xhr.onerror = function () {
     param.error(xhr.responseText, "error");
     load_process = false;
 };

 xhr.onload = function () {
    if (xhr.status === 200) {
         if (param.dataType != undefined && param.dataType == "json") {

             param.success(JSON.parse(xhr.responseText), "success");
         }
         else {
             param.success(JSON.stringify(xhr.responseText), "success");
         }
     }
     else if (xhr.status !== 200) {
         param.error(xhr.responseText, "error");

     }
     load_process = false;
 };
 if (param.data != null || param.data != undefined) {
     if (param.processData != undefined && param.processData == false && param.contentType != undefined && param.contentType == false) {
             xhr.send(param.data);

     }
     else {
             xhr.send(obj_param(param.data));

     }
 }
 else {
         xhr.send();

 }
 if (param.timeout != undefined) {
     xhr.timeout = param.timeout;
 }
 else
{
 xhr.timeout = 20000;
}
 this.abort = function (response) {

     if (XMLHttpRequest != null) {
         xhr.abort();
         load_process = false;
         if (response != undefined) {
             response({ status: "success" });
         }
     }

 }
 }
 }

function obj_param(obj) {
var parts = [];
for (var key in obj) {
    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
        parts.push(encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(obj[key]));
    }
}
return parts.join('&');
}

我的ajax调用

  var my_ajax_call=ajaxCall({
    url: url,
    type: method,
    data: {data:value},
    dataType: 'json',
    async:false,//synchronous request. Default value is true 
    timeout:10000,//default timeout 20000
    progress:function(loadTime,status)
    {
    console.log(loadTime);
     },
    success: function (result, status) {
      console.log(result);
    },
      error :function(result,status)
    {
    console.log(result);
     }
      });

对于中止先前的请求

      my_ajax_call.abort(function(result){
       console.log(result);
       });

这个版本在普通ES6/ES2015中怎么样?

function get(url) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const req = new XMLHttpRequest();
    req.open('GET', url);
    req.onload = () => req.status === 200 ? resolve(req.response) : reject(Error(req.statusText));
    req.onerror = (e) => reject(Error(`Network Error: ${e}`));
    req.send();
  });
}

函数返回一个promise。下面是一个关于如何使用该函数并处理它返回的承诺的示例:

get('foo.txt')
.then((data) => {
  // Do stuff with data, if foo.txt was successfully loaded.
})
.catch((err) => {
  // Do stuff on error...
});

如果你需要加载一个json文件，你可以使用json .parse()将加载的数据转换为JS对象。

您还可以集成req。responseType='json'到函数中，但不幸的是，没有IE支持它，所以我将坚持使用json .parse()。