如何将一个数除3而不使用*、/、+、-、%等运算符?
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如何将一个数除3而不使用*、/、+、-、%等运算符?
号码可以有签名,也可以没有签名。
当前回答
使用cblas,作为OS X加速框架的一部分。
[02:31:59] [william@relativity ~]$ cat div3.c
#import <stdio.h>
#import <Accelerate/Accelerate.h>
int main() {
float multiplicand = 123456.0;
float multiplier = 0.333333;
printf("%f * %f == ", multiplicand, multiplier);
cblas_sscal(1, multiplier, &multiplicand, 1);
printf("%f\n", multiplicand);
}
[02:32:07] [william@relativity ~]$ clang div3.c -framework Accelerate -o div3 && ./div3
123456.000000 * 0.333333 == 41151.957031
其他回答
为什么我们不直接用在大学里学过的定义呢?结果可能效率低,但很清楚,因为乘法只是递归的减法,减法是加法,那么加法可以通过递归的异或/和逻辑端口组合来执行。
#include <stdio.h>
int add(int a, int b){
int rc;
int carry;
rc = a ^ b;
carry = (a & b) << 1;
if (rc & carry)
return add(rc, carry);
else
return rc ^ carry;
}
int sub(int a, int b){
return add(a, add(~b, 1));
}
int div( int D, int Q )
{
/* lets do only positive and then
* add the sign at the end
* inversion needs to be performed only for +Q/-D or -Q/+D
*/
int result=0;
int sign=0;
if( D < 0 ) {
D=sub(0,D);
if( Q<0 )
Q=sub(0,Q);
else
sign=1;
} else {
if( Q<0 ) {
Q=sub(0,Q);
sign=1;
}
}
while(D>=Q) {
D = sub( D, Q );
result++;
}
/*
* Apply sign
*/
if( sign )
result = sub(0,result);
return result;
}
int main( int argc, char ** argv )
{
printf( "2 plus 3=%d\n", add(2,3) );
printf( "22 div 3=%d\n", div(22,3) );
printf( "-22 div 3=%d\n", div(-22,3) );
printf( "-22 div -3=%d\n", div(-22,-3) );
printf( "22 div 03=%d\n", div(22,-3) );
return 0;
}
有人说……首先让它工作。注意,该算法应该适用于负Q…
使用fma()库函数的解决方案,适用于任何正数:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
int number = 8;//Any +ve no.
int temp = 3, result = 0;
while(temp <= number){
temp = fma(temp, 1, 3); //fma(a, b, c) is a library function and returns (a*b) + c.
result = fma(result, 1, 1);
}
printf("\n\n%d divided by 3 = %d\n", number, result);
}
请看我的另一个答案。
Yet another solution. This should handle all ints (including negative ints) except the min value of an int, which would need to be handled as a hard coded exception. This basically does division by subtraction but only using bit operators (shifts, xor, & and complement). For faster speed, it subtracts 3 * (decreasing powers of 2). In c#, it executes around 444 of these DivideBy3 calls per millisecond (2.2 seconds for 1,000,000 divides), so not horrendously slow, but no where near as fast as a simple x/3. By comparison, Coodey's nice solution is about 5 times faster than this one.
public static int DivideBy3(int a) {
bool negative = a < 0;
if (negative) a = Negate(a);
int result;
int sub = 3 << 29;
int threes = 1 << 29;
result = 0;
while (threes > 0) {
if (a >= sub) {
a = Add(a, Negate(sub));
result = Add(result, threes);
}
sub >>= 1;
threes >>= 1;
}
if (negative) result = Negate(result);
return result;
}
public static int Negate(int a) {
return Add(~a, 1);
}
public static int Add(int a, int b) {
int x = 0;
x = a ^ b;
while ((a & b) != 0) {
b = (a & b) << 1;
a = x;
x = a ^ b;
}
return x;
}
这是c#,因为这是我手边的东西,但与c的区别应该很小。
我会用这段代码除所有正数,非浮点数。基本上你要把除数位向左对齐以匹配被除数位。对于被除数的每一段(除数的大小),你想要检查是否被除数的每一段大于除数,然后你想要左Shift,然后在第一个注册器中OR。这个概念最初是在2004年创建的(我相信是斯坦福大学),这里是一个C版本,它使用了这个概念。注:(我做了一点修改)
int divide(int a, int b)
{
int c = 0, r = 32, i = 32, p = a + 1;
unsigned long int d = 0x80000000;
while ((b & d) == 0)
{
d >>= 1;
r--;
}
while (p > a)
{
c <<= 1;
p = (b >> i--) & ((1 << r) - 1);
if (p >= a)
c |= 1;
}
return c; //p is remainder (for modulus)
}
使用示例:
int n = divide( 3, 6); //outputs 2
没有反复检查这个答案是否已经发表。如果程序需要扩展到浮点数,可以将这些数字乘以所需精度的10*数,然后可以再次应用下面的代码。
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int aNumber = 500;
int gResult = 0;
int aLoop = 0;
int i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < aNumber; i++)
{
if(aLoop == 3)
{
gResult++;
aLoop = 0;
}
aLoop++;
}
printf("Reulst of %d / 3 = %d", aNumber, gResult);
return 0;
}