结合@Tony和@mangokun的回答，我创建了以下扩展方法:

public static class RequestExtensions
{
    public static string GetIPAddress(this HttpRequest Request)
    {
        if (Request.Headers["CF-CONNECTING-IP"] != null) return Request.Headers["CF-CONNECTING-IP"].ToString();

        if (Request.ServerVariables["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] != null)
        {
            string ipAddress = Request.ServerVariables["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"];

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(ipAddress))
            {
                string[] addresses = ipAddress.Split(',');
                if (addresses.Length != 0)
                {
                    return addresses[0];
                }
            }
        }

        return Request.UserHostAddress;
    }
}

到目前为止，所有的响应都考虑了非标准化但非常常见的X-Forwarded-For报头。有一个标准化的转发头，它有点难以解析。一些例子如下:

Forwarded: for="_gazonk"
Forwarded: For="[2001:db8:cafe::17]:4711"
Forwarded: for=192.0.2.60;proto=http;by=203.0.113.43
Forwarded: for=192.0.2.43, for=198.51.100.17

我已经编写了一个类，在确定客户端的IP地址时考虑这两个头。

using System;
using System.Web;

namespace Util
{
    public static class IP
    {
        public static string GetIPAddress()
        {
            return GetIPAddress(new HttpRequestWrapper(HttpContext.Current.Request));
        }

        internal static string GetIPAddress(HttpRequestBase request)
        {
            // handle standardized 'Forwarded' header
            string forwarded = request.Headers["Forwarded"];
            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(forwarded))
            {
                foreach (string segment in forwarded.Split(',')[0].Split(';'))
                {
                    string[] pair = segment.Trim().Split('=');
                    if (pair.Length == 2 && pair[0].Equals("for", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                    {
                        string ip = pair[1].Trim('"');

                        // IPv6 addresses are always enclosed in square brackets
                        int left = ip.IndexOf('['), right = ip.IndexOf(']');
                        if (left == 0 && right > 0)
                        {
                            return ip.Substring(1, right - 1);
                        }

                        // strip port of IPv4 addresses
                        int colon = ip.IndexOf(':');
                        if (colon != -1)
                        {
                            return ip.Substring(0, colon);
                        }

                        // this will return IPv4, "unknown", and obfuscated addresses
                        return ip;
                    }
                }
            }

            // handle non-standardized 'X-Forwarded-For' header
            string xForwardedFor = request.Headers["X-Forwarded-For"];
            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(xForwardedFor))
            {
                return xForwardedFor.Split(',')[0];
            }

            return request.UserHostAddress;
        }
    }
}

下面是我用来验证我的解决方案的一些单元测试:

using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Web;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace UtilTests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class IPTests
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestForwardedObfuscated()
        {
            var request = new HttpRequestMock("for=\"_gazonk\"");
            Assert.AreEqual("_gazonk", Util.IP.GetIPAddress(request));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestForwardedIPv6()
        {
            var request = new HttpRequestMock("For=\"[2001:db8:cafe::17]:4711\"");
            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:cafe::17", Util.IP.GetIPAddress(request));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestForwardedIPv4()
        {
            var request = new HttpRequestMock("for=192.0.2.60;proto=http;by=203.0.113.43");
            Assert.AreEqual("192.0.2.60", Util.IP.GetIPAddress(request));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestForwardedIPv4WithPort()
        {
            var request = new HttpRequestMock("for=192.0.2.60:443;proto=http;by=203.0.113.43");
            Assert.AreEqual("192.0.2.60", Util.IP.GetIPAddress(request));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestForwardedMultiple()
        {
            var request = new HttpRequestMock("for=192.0.2.43, for=198.51.100.17");
            Assert.AreEqual("192.0.2.43", Util.IP.GetIPAddress(request));
        }
    }

    public class HttpRequestMock : HttpRequestBase
    {
        private NameValueCollection headers = new NameValueCollection();

        public HttpRequestMock(string forwarded)
        {
            headers["Forwarded"] = forwarded;
        }

        public override NameValueCollection Headers
        {
            get { return this.headers; }
        }
    }
}

如果是c#这样看，是很简单的

string clientIp = (Request.ServerVariables["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] ?? 
                   Request.ServerVariables["REMOTE_ADDR"]).Split(',')[0].Trim();

你可以使用:

System.Net.Dns.GetHostEntry(System.Net.Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList.GetValue(0).ToString();

您还认为用户IP地址是什么?如果你想要网络适配器的IP地址，恐怕在Web应用程序中没有办法做到这一点。如果你的用户在NAT或其他东西后面，你也无法获得IP。

更新:虽然有些网站使用IP来限制用户(如rapidshare)，但它们在NAT环境中不能正常工作。

在NuGet包中安装Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpOverrides 然后尝试:

public class ClientDeviceInfo
    {
        private readonly IHttpContextAccessor httpAccessor;

        public ClientDeviceInfo(IHttpContextAccessor httpAccessor)
        {
            this.httpAccessor = httpAccessor;
        }

        public string GetClientLocalIpAddress()
        {
            return httpAccessor.HttpContext.Connection.LocalIpAddress.ToString();
        }

        public string GetClientRemoteIpAddress()
        {
            return httpAccessor.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString();
        }

        public string GetClientLocalPort()
        {
            return httpAccessor.HttpContext.Connection.LocalPort.ToString();
        }

        public string GetClientRemotePort()
        {
            return httpAccessor.HttpContext.Connection.RemotePort.ToString();
        }
     }