I was working with a friend on a project, and he edited a bunch of files that shouldn't have been edited. Somehow I merged his work into mine, either when I pulled it, or when I tried to just pick the specific files out that I wanted. I've been looking and playing for a long time, trying to figure out how to remove the commits that contain the edits to those files, it seems to be a toss up between revert and rebase, and there are no straightforward examples, and the docs assume I know more than I do.
下面是这个问题的简化版本:
给定下面的场景，我如何删除提交2?
$ mkdir git_revert_test && cd git_revert_test
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/josh/deleteme/git_revert_test/.git/
$ echo "line 1" > myfile
$ git add -A
$ git commit -m "commit 1"
[master (root-commit) 8230fa3] commit 1
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 myfile
$ echo "line 2" >> myfile
$ git commit -am "commit 2"
[master 342f9bb] commit 2
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
$ echo "line 3" >> myfile
$ git commit -am "commit 3"
[master 1bcb872] commit 3
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
预期的结果是
$ cat myfile
line 1
line 3
以下是我一直试图恢复的一个例子
$ git revert 342f9bb
Automatic revert failed. After resolving the conflicts,
mark the corrected paths with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'
and commit the result.
所以你做了一些工作并推动了它，我们称之为提交A和b。你的同事也做了一些工作，提交C和d。你将你同事的工作合并到你的工作中(合并提交E)，然后继续工作，也提交了(提交F)，然后发现你的同事修改了一些他不应该修改的东西。
你的提交历史是这样的:
A -- B -- C -- D -- D' -- E -- F
你真的想摆脱C D D'既然你说你将同事的工作合并到你的工作中，这些提交已经“存在”了，所以使用git rebase等方法删除这些提交是不可以的。相信我，我试过了。
现在，我看到了两条出路:
if you haven't pushed E and F to your coworker or anyone else (typically your "origin" server) yet, you could still remove those from the history for the time being. This is your work that you want to save. This can be done with a
git reset D'
(replace D' with the actual commit hash that you can obtain from a git log
At this point, commits E and F are gone and the changes are uncommitted changes in your local workspace again. At this point I would move them to a branch or turn them into a patch and save it for later. Now, revert your coworker's work, either automatically with a git revert or manually. When you've done that, replay your work on top of that. You may have merge conflicts, but at least they'll be in the code you wrote, instead of your coworker's code.
If you've already pushed the work you did after your coworker's commits, you can still try and get a "reverse patch" either manually or using git revert, but since your work is "in the way", so to speak you'll probably get more merge conflicts and more confusing ones. Looks like that's what you ended up in...
你可以使用git rebase删除不需要的提交。
假设您将同事的topic分支的一些提交包含到您的topic分支中，但后来决定不需要这些提交。
git checkout -b tmp-branch my-topic-branch # Use a temporary branch to be safe.
git rebase -i master # Interactively rebase against master branch.
此时，文本编辑器将打开交互式rebase视图。例如
通过删除它们的行来删除您不想要的提交
保存并退出
如果改基不成功，删除临时分支并尝试其他策略。否则，请继续执行以下说明。
git checkout my-topic-branch
git reset --hard tmp-branch # Overwrite your topic branch with the temp branch.
git branch -d tmp-branch # Delete the temporary branch.
如果将主题分支推到远程，可能需要强制推，因为提交历史已经更改。如果其他人在同一个分支上工作，给他们提个醒。
有四种方法:
干净的方式，恢复，但保持日志恢复:
Git revert—strategy resolve <commit>
严厉的方式，完全删除只有最后一个提交:
git重置-软“头^”
注意:避免git重置——很难，因为它也会丢弃自上次提交以来文件中的所有更改。如果——软的不行，那就试试——混合的或者——保留的。
Rebase(显示最近5次提交的日志并删除你不想要的行，或重新排序，或将多个提交压缩在一个文件中，或做任何你想做的事情，这是一个非常通用的工具):
git rebase -i HEAD~5
如果犯了错误:
git rebase --abort
快速rebase:只删除使用id的特定提交:
Git rebase—to commit-id^ commit-id
替代方案:你还可以试试:
Git选择commit-id
还有另一种选择:
Git恢复——不提交
作为最后的手段，如果你需要完全自由的历史编辑(例如，因为git不允许你编辑你想要的内容)，你可以使用这个非常快速的开源应用程序:reposurgeon。
注意:当然，所有这些更改都是在本地完成的，你应该在git push之后将更改应用到远程。如果你的repo不想删除提交(“不允许快进”，当你想删除已经提交的提交时就会发生)，你可以使用git push -f强制推送更改。
注2:如果在一个分支上工作，你需要强制push，你应该绝对避免git push——force，因为这可能会覆盖其他分支(如果你对它们做了更改，即使你当前的签出是在另一个分支上)。当你强制push时，最好总是指定远程分支:git push——force origin your_branch。
