当我尝试连接SQL Server时，我得到以下错误:
在建立与SQL Server的连接时，发生了与网络相关或特定于实例的错误。未找到服务器或无法访问服务器。验证实例名称是否正确，SQL Server是否配置为允许远程连接。(提供商:Named Pipes提供商，错误:40 -无法打开到SQL Server的连接)
当我试图在Visual Studio 2010中将数据库配置为gridview时抛出此错误。我不知道如何调试这个错误。
如何调试此错误?除了错误消息中提到的步骤之外，我还应该采取哪些步骤来确定这里到底发生了什么?
当前回答
I had the same issue after upgrading my Windows to Windows Pro 10 21H2. I have two SQL instances - 2014 and 2019 and I was not able to connect only to 2019 one. I restarted the computer, restarted all SQL related services. Two of the services were showing errors (SQL Server and SQL Server agent) and I was not able to start them. I could not also start these two services from C:\Windows\SysWOW64\SQLServerManager15.msc In the logs (C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL15.MSSQLSERVER01\MSSQL\Log) I saw these lines:
Initializing the FallBack certificate failed with error code: 15, state: 29, error number: 0.
Error: 17190, Severity: 16, State: 1.
Unable to initialize SSL encryption because a valid certificate could not be found, and it is not possible to create a self-signed certificate.
Error: 17182, Severity: 16, State: 1.
TDSSNIClient initialization failed with error 0x80092004, status code 0x80. Reason: Unable to initialize SSL support. Cannot find object or property.
Error: 17182, Severity: 16, State: 1.
TDSSNIClient initialization failed with error 0x80092004, status code 0x1. Reason: Initialization failed with an infrastructure error. Check for previous errors. Cannot find object or property.
Error: 17826, Severity: 18, State: 3.
Could not start the network library because of an internal error in the network library. To determine the cause, review the errors immediately preceding this one in the error log.
Error: 17120, Severity: 16, State: 1.
SQL Server could not spawn FRunCommunicationsManager thread. Check the SQL Server error log and the operating system error log for information about possible related problems.
原来在升级后，服务的“Log On”属性(服务属性上的第二个选项卡)被设置为NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICES。当我将其更改为“本地系统帐户”时，我能够启动服务并连接到MS SQL 2019实例。
这个msdn论坛的帖子帮助我找到了这个。
其他回答
总结
要修复在运行本地应用程序与远程数据库时遇到的此问题，请使用SQL Server配置管理器为远程数据库添加别名。
细节
I had run into this problem recently when transitioning from a Windows 7 to a Windows 10 laptop. I was running a local development and runtime environment accessing our Dev database on a remote server. We access the Dev database through a server alias setup through SQL Server Client Network Utility (cliconfg.exe). After confirming that the alias was correctly setup in both the 64 and 32 bit versions of the utility and that the database server was accessible from the new laptop via SSMS, I still got the error seen by the OP (not the OP's IP address, of course).
有必要使用SQL Server Configuration Manager为远程Dev数据库服务器添加别名。把事情都解决了。
如果您正在移除迁移，您应该检查ConnectionString。
我必须运行SQL Server浏览器服务到SQL Server配置管理器。 如果没有这个，安装就不能发现新创建的服务。
按window + R(运行窗口打开)，在运行窗口类型“服务”。msc”和新服务打开找到实例名SQL SERVER在我的情况下，它是SQL SERVER(SQLEXPRESS)，然后启动这个服务，再试一次，它为我工作，希望它也为你工作。
当我想在另一台PC上运行我的WinForms项目(包括使用SQL Server数据库，并且在我的PC上工作得很好)时，我也犯了同样的错误。问题出在我电脑的Windows防火墙上。我通过添加两条规则来解决这个问题。这是如何允许SQL Server通过Windows防火墙的整个过程:
打开“运行”，输入services.msc 查找用于SQL Server(实例名)和SQL Server Browser的服务。一次一个，右键单击，选择“属性”，复制路径到exe文件 然后打开防火墙。cpl，单击允许应用程序或添加规则，添加之前复制的路径(有一个步骤需要遵循)，选中域和私有，取消选中公共。
这是YouTube的链接，你可以看到这个过程:允许SQL Server通过Windows防火墙
