下面的代码将测试异常消息和异常代码。

重要提示:如果没有抛出预期的异常，它将失败。

try{
    $test->methodWhichWillThrowException();//if this method not throw exception it must be fail too.
    $this->fail("Expected exception 1162011 not thrown");
}catch(MySpecificException $e){ //Not catching a generic Exception or the fail function is also catched
    $this->assertEquals(1162011, $e->getCode());
    $this->assertEquals("Exception Message", $e->getMessage());
}

<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php';

class ExceptionTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function testException()
    {
        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        // or for PHPUnit < 5.2
        // $this->setExpectedException(InvalidArgumentException::class);

        //...and then add your test code that generates the exception 
        exampleMethod($anInvalidArgument);
    }
}

PHPUnit文档

PHPUnit作者文章提供了关于测试异常最佳实践的详细解释。

您可以使用assertException扩展在一次测试执行期间断言多个异常。

插入方法到您的TestCase并使用:

public function testSomething()
{
    $test = function() {
        // some code that has to throw an exception
    };
    $this->assertException( $test, 'InvalidArgumentException', 100, 'expected message' );
}

我还为喜欢漂亮代码的人做了一个trait ..

PHPUnit expectException方法非常不方便，因为它只允许每个测试方法测试一个异常。

我使用这个helper函数来断言某个函数抛出异常:

/**
 * Asserts that the given callback throws the given exception.
 *
 * @param string $expectClass The name of the expected exception class
 * @param callable $callback A callback which should throw the exception
 */
protected function assertException(string $expectClass, callable $callback)
{
    try {
        $callback();
    } catch (\Throwable $exception) {
        $this->assertInstanceOf($expectClass, $exception, 'An invalid exception was thrown');
        return;
    }

    $this->fail('No exception was thrown');
}

将它添加到您的测试类中，并以这样的方式调用:

public function testSomething() {
    $this->assertException(\PDOException::class, function() {
        new \PDO('bad:param');
    });
    $this->assertException(\PDOException::class, function() {
        new \PDO('foo:bar');
    });
}

下面的代码将测试异常消息和异常代码。

重要提示:如果没有抛出预期的异常，它将失败。

try{
    $test->methodWhichWillThrowException();//if this method not throw exception it must be fail too.
    $this->fail("Expected exception 1162011 not thrown");
}catch(MySpecificException $e){ //Not catching a generic Exception or the fail function is also catched
    $this->assertEquals(1162011, $e->getCode());
    $this->assertEquals("Exception Message", $e->getMessage());
}

function yourfunction($a,$z){
   if($a<$z){ throw new <YOUR_EXCEPTION>; }
}

下面是测试

class FunctionTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{

   public function testException(){

      $this->setExpectedException(<YOUR_EXCEPTION>::class);
      yourfunction(1,2);//add vars that cause the exception 

   }

}