将文件行读取到列表中的干净和Python方式

首先也是最重要的一点，你应该专注于以一种高效的方式打开文件并阅读其内容。下面是一个我个人不喜欢的方式的例子：

infile = open('my_file.txt', 'r')  # Open the file for reading.

data = infile.read()  # Read the contents of the file.

infile.close()  # Close the file since we're done using it.

相反，我更喜欢以下打开文件的方法，既可以读也可以写非常干净，不需要关闭文件的额外步骤一旦您使用完它。在下面的语句中，我们将打开文件用于读取，并将其分配给变量infile一旦代码在此语句已完成运行，文件将自动关闭。

# Open the file for reading.
with open('my_file.txt', 'r') as infile:

    data = infile.read()  # Read the contents of the file into memory.

现在我们需要专注于将这些数据引入Python列表，因为它们是可迭代的、高效的和灵活的。在您的案例中，期望的目标是将文本文件的每一行放入一个单独的元素中。为此，我们将使用splitlines（）方法，如下所示：

# Return a list of the lines, breaking at line boundaries.
my_list = data.splitlines()

最终产品：

# Open the file for reading.
with open('my_file.txt', 'r') as infile:

    data = infile.read()  # Read the contents of the file into memory.

# Return a list of the lines, breaking at line boundaries.
my_list = data.splitlines()

测试我们的代码：

文本文件的内容：

     A fost odatã ca-n povesti,
     A fost ca niciodatã,
     Din rude mãri împãrãtesti,
     O prea frumoasã fatã.

打印测试报表：

    print my_list  # Print the list.

    # Print each line in the list.
    for line in my_list:
        print line

    # Print the fourth element in this list.
    print my_list[3]

输出（因unicode字符而不同）：

     ['A fost odat\xc3\xa3 ca-n povesti,', 'A fost ca niciodat\xc3\xa3,',
     'Din rude m\xc3\xa3ri \xc3\xaemp\xc3\xa3r\xc3\xa3testi,', 'O prea
     frumoas\xc3\xa3 fat\xc3\xa3.']

     A fost odatã ca-n povesti, A fost ca niciodatã, Din rude mãri
     împãrãtesti, O prea frumoasã fatã.

     O prea frumoasã fatã.

将文件行读取到列表中的干净和Python方式

首先也是最重要的一点，你应该专注于以一种高效的方式打开文件并阅读其内容。下面是一个我个人不喜欢的方式的例子：

infile = open('my_file.txt', 'r')  # Open the file for reading.

data = infile.read()  # Read the contents of the file.

infile.close()  # Close the file since we're done using it.

相反，我更喜欢以下打开文件的方法，既可以读也可以写非常干净，不需要关闭文件的额外步骤一旦您使用完它。在下面的语句中，我们将打开文件用于读取，并将其分配给变量infile一旦代码在此语句已完成运行，文件将自动关闭。

# Open the file for reading.
with open('my_file.txt', 'r') as infile:

    data = infile.read()  # Read the contents of the file into memory.

现在我们需要专注于将这些数据引入Python列表，因为它们是可迭代的、高效的和灵活的。在您的案例中，期望的目标是将文本文件的每一行放入一个单独的元素中。为此，我们将使用splitlines（）方法，如下所示：

# Return a list of the lines, breaking at line boundaries.
my_list = data.splitlines()

最终产品：

# Open the file for reading.
with open('my_file.txt', 'r') as infile:

    data = infile.read()  # Read the contents of the file into memory.

# Return a list of the lines, breaking at line boundaries.
my_list = data.splitlines()

测试我们的代码：

文本文件的内容：

     A fost odatã ca-n povesti,
     A fost ca niciodatã,
     Din rude mãri împãrãtesti,
     O prea frumoasã fatã.

打印测试报表：

    print my_list  # Print the list.

    # Print each line in the list.
    for line in my_list:
        print line

    # Print the fourth element in this list.
    print my_list[3]

输出（因unicode字符而不同）：

     ['A fost odat\xc3\xa3 ca-n povesti,', 'A fost ca niciodat\xc3\xa3,',
     'Din rude m\xc3\xa3ri \xc3\xaemp\xc3\xa3r\xc3\xa3testi,', 'O prea
     frumoas\xc3\xa3 fat\xc3\xa3.']

     A fost odatã ca-n povesti, A fost ca niciodatã, Din rude mãri
     împãrãtesti, O prea frumoasã fatã.

     O prea frumoasã fatã.

如果要包含以下内容：

with open(fname) as f:
    content = f.readlines()

如果不希望包含：

with open(fname) as f:
    content = f.read().splitlines()

根据Python的文件对象方法，将文本文件转换为列表的最简单方法是：

with open('file.txt') as f:
    my_list = list(f)
    # my_list = [x.rstrip() for x in f] # remove line breaks

演示

如果只需要遍历文本文件行，可以使用：

with open('file.txt') as f:
    for line in f:
       ...

旧答案：

使用with和readline（）：

with open('file.txt') as f:
    lines = f.readlines()

如果您不关心关闭文件，这一行程序将起作用：

lines = open('file.txt').readlines()

传统方式：

f = open('file.txt') # Open file on read mode
lines = f.read().splitlines() # List with stripped line-breaks
f.close() # Close file

这里还有一个选项，对文件使用列表理解；

lines = [line.rstrip() for line in open('file.txt')]

这应该是更有效的方法，因为大部分工作都是在Python解释器内完成的。

下面是我用来简化文件I/O的Python（3）助手库类：

import os

# handle files using a callback method, prevents repetition
def _FileIO__file_handler(file_path, mode, callback = lambda f: None):
  f = open(file_path, mode)
  try:
    return callback(f)
  except Exception as e:
    raise IOError("Failed to %s file" % ["write to", "read from"][mode.lower() in "r rb r+".split(" ")])
  finally:
    f.close()


class FileIO:
  # return the contents of a file
  def read(file_path, mode = "r"):
    return __file_handler(file_path, mode, lambda rf: rf.read())

  # get the lines of a file
  def lines(file_path, mode = "r", filter_fn = lambda line: len(line) > 0):
    return [line for line in FileIO.read(file_path, mode).strip().split("\n") if filter_fn(line)]

  # create or update a file (NOTE: can also be used to replace a file's original content)
  def write(file_path, new_content, mode = "w"):
    return __file_handler(file_path, mode, lambda wf: wf.write(new_content))

  # delete a file (if it exists)
  def delete(file_path):
    return os.remove() if os.path.isfile(file_path) else None

然后使用FileIO.lines函数，如下所示：

file_ext_lines = FileIO.lines("./path/to/file.ext"):
for i, line in enumerate(file_ext_lines):
  print("Line {}: {}".format(i + 1, line))

请记住，mode（默认为“r”）和filter_fn（默认为检查空行）参数是可选的。

您甚至可以删除read、write和delete方法，只保留FileIO.line，甚至将其转换为一个单独的方法read_lines。