如何在Python中读取文件的每一行,并将每一行存储为列表中的元素?

我想逐行读取文件,并将每一行附加到列表的末尾。


当前回答

如果要包含以下内容:

with open(fname) as f:
    content = f.readlines()

如果不希望包含:

with open(fname) as f:
    content = f.read().splitlines()

其他回答

将文件行读取到列表中的干净和Python方式


首先也是最重要的一点,你应该专注于以一种高效的方式打开文件并阅读其内容。下面是一个我个人不喜欢的方式的例子:

infile = open('my_file.txt', 'r')  # Open the file for reading.

data = infile.read()  # Read the contents of the file.

infile.close()  # Close the file since we're done using it.

相反,我更喜欢以下打开文件的方法,既可以读也可以写非常干净,不需要关闭文件的额外步骤一旦您使用完它。在下面的语句中,我们将打开文件用于读取,并将其分配给变量infile一旦代码在此语句已完成运行,文件将自动关闭。

# Open the file for reading.
with open('my_file.txt', 'r') as infile:

    data = infile.read()  # Read the contents of the file into memory.

现在我们需要专注于将这些数据引入Python列表,因为它们是可迭代的、高效的和灵活的。在您的案例中,期望的目标是将文本文件的每一行放入一个单独的元素中。为此,我们将使用splitlines()方法,如下所示:

# Return a list of the lines, breaking at line boundaries.
my_list = data.splitlines()

最终产品:

# Open the file for reading.
with open('my_file.txt', 'r') as infile:

    data = infile.read()  # Read the contents of the file into memory.

# Return a list of the lines, breaking at line boundaries.
my_list = data.splitlines()

测试我们的代码:

文本文件的内容:

     A fost odatã ca-n povesti,
     A fost ca niciodatã,
     Din rude mãri împãrãtesti,
     O prea frumoasã fatã.

打印测试报表:

    print my_list  # Print the list.

    # Print each line in the list.
    for line in my_list:
        print line

    # Print the fourth element in this list.
    print my_list[3]

输出(因unicode字符而不同):

     ['A fost odat\xc3\xa3 ca-n povesti,', 'A fost ca niciodat\xc3\xa3,',
     'Din rude m\xc3\xa3ri \xc3\xaemp\xc3\xa3r\xc3\xa3testi,', 'O prea
     frumoas\xc3\xa3 fat\xc3\xa3.']

     A fost odatã ca-n povesti, A fost ca niciodatã, Din rude mãri
     împãrãtesti, O prea frumoasã fatã.

     O prea frumoasã fatã.

这段代码将把整个文件读入内存,并删除每行末尾的所有空白字符(换行符和空格):

with open(filename) as file:
    lines = [line.rstrip() for line in file]

如果您正在处理一个大文件,那么您应该逐行读取并处理它:

with open(filename) as file:
    for line in file:
        print(line.rstrip())

在Python 3.8及以上版本中,可以使用while循环和walrus运算符,如下所示:

with open(filename) as file:
    while (line := file.readline().rstrip()):
        print(line)

根据您计划对文件执行的操作以及文件的编码方式,您可能还需要手动设置访问模式和字符编码:

with open(filename, 'r', encoding='UTF-8') as file:
    while (line := file.readline().rstrip()):
        print(line)

这将从文件中生成一个“数组”。

lines = tuple(open(filename, 'r'))

open返回一个可以迭代的文件。当您遍历一个文件时,您会从该文件中获取行。tuple可以使用迭代器,并从您给它的迭代器中为您实例化一个tuple实例。

参见输入和输出:

with open('filename') as f:
    lines = f.readlines()

或者去掉换行符:

with open('filename') as f:
    lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f]

我喜欢使用以下内容。立即阅读台词。

contents = []
for line in open(filepath, 'r').readlines():
    contents.append(line.strip())

或者使用列表理解:

contents = [line.strip() for line in open(filepath, 'r').readlines()]