从理论角度看:

标签是给定修订的符号名称。它们总是指向相同的对象(通常是:指向相同的修订);它们不会改变。 分支是开发线的象征性名称。在分支的顶部创建新的提交。分支指针自然地向前移动，指向越来越新的提交。

从技术角度看:

tags reside in refs/tags/ namespace, and can point to tag objects (annotated and optionally GPG signed tags) or directly to commit object (less used lightweight tag for local names), or in very rare cases even to tree object or blob object (e.g. GPG signature). branches reside in refs/heads/ namespace, and can point only to commit objects. The HEAD pointer must refer to a branch (symbolic reference) or directly to a commit (detached HEAD or unnamed branch). remote-tracking branches reside in refs/remotes/<remote>/ namespace, and follow ordinary branches in remote repository <remote>.

参见gitglossary manpage:

branch A "branch" is an active line of development. The most recent commit on a branch is referred to as the tip of that branch. The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch head, which moves forward as additional development is done on the branch. A single git repository can track an arbitrary number of branches, but your working tree is associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out" branch), and HEAD points to that branch. tag A ref pointing to a tag or commit object. In contrast to a head, a tag is not changed by a commit. Tags (not tag objects) are stored in $GIT_DIR/refs/tags/. [...]. A tag is most typically used to mark a particular point in the commit ancestry chain. tag object An object containing a ref pointing to another object, which can contain a message just like a commit object. It can also contain a (PGP) signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object".

从CVS中您需要了解的是，在设置分支时不再需要创建目录。 不再有“粘贴标签”(只能应用于一个文件)，或“分支标签”。 分支和标记是Git中两个不同的对象，它们总是应用于all repo。

您将不再(使用SVN)必须显式地构造您的存储库:

branches
   myFirstBranch
     myProject
       mySubDirs
   mySecondBranch
     ...
tags
   myFirstTag
     myProject
       mySubDirs
   mySecondTag
   ...

这种结构源于CVS是一个修订系统而不是版本系统(参见源代码控制vs.修订控制?) 这意味着通过CVS的标记和SVN的目录副本模拟分支。

如果您习惯于签出标记并开始在其中工作，那么您的问题就有意义了。 你不应该这样做;) 标签应该表示一个不可变的内容，只用于访问它，并保证每次都获得相同的内容。

在Git中，修订的历史是一系列的提交，形成了一个图表。 分支是图的一条路径

x--x--x--x--x # one branch
    \ 
     --y----y # another branch
       1.1
        ^
        |
        # a tag pointing to a commit

如果签出一个标记，您将需要创建一个分支来开始从它开始工作。 如果你签出一个分支，你将直接看到该分支的最新提交('HEAD')。

关于所有的技术细节，请参阅Jakub narylbski的答案，但坦率地说，在这一点上，你还不需要所有的细节;)

主要的一点是:一个标签是一个简单的指向提交的指针，你永远不能修改它的内容。你需要一个分支。

在你的例子中，每个开发人员都致力于一个特定的功能:

是否应该在各自的存储库中创建自己的分支 跟踪来自同事的存储库的分支(在同一特性上工作的那个) 拉/推是为了和同事分享你的工作。

您可以不直接跟踪同事的分支，而是只跟踪一个“官方”中央存储库的分支，每个人都将他/她的工作推送到这个存储库，以便集成和共享每个人的工作。

Git寓言解释了典型的DVCS是如何创建的，以及它们的创造者为什么要这样做。另外，你可能想看看Git for Computer Scientist;它解释了Git中每种类型的对象的功能，包括分支和标记。

标记用于标记版本，更具体地说，它引用分支上的一个时间点。分支通常用于向项目中添加特性。

从理论角度看:

标签是给定修订的符号名称。它们总是指向相同的对象(通常是:指向相同的修订);它们不会改变。 分支是开发线的象征性名称。在分支的顶部创建新的提交。分支指针自然地向前移动，指向越来越新的提交。

从技术角度看:

tags reside in refs/tags/ namespace, and can point to tag objects (annotated and optionally GPG signed tags) or directly to commit object (less used lightweight tag for local names), or in very rare cases even to tree object or blob object (e.g. GPG signature). branches reside in refs/heads/ namespace, and can point only to commit objects. The HEAD pointer must refer to a branch (symbolic reference) or directly to a commit (detached HEAD or unnamed branch). remote-tracking branches reside in refs/remotes/<remote>/ namespace, and follow ordinary branches in remote repository <remote>.

参见gitglossary manpage:

branch A "branch" is an active line of development. The most recent commit on a branch is referred to as the tip of that branch. The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch head, which moves forward as additional development is done on the branch. A single git repository can track an arbitrary number of branches, but your working tree is associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out" branch), and HEAD points to that branch. tag A ref pointing to a tag or commit object. In contrast to a head, a tag is not changed by a commit. Tags (not tag objects) are stored in $GIT_DIR/refs/tags/. [...]. A tag is most typically used to mark a particular point in the commit ancestry chain. tag object An object containing a ref pointing to another object, which can contain a message just like a commit object. It can also contain a (PGP) signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object".

我们使用

开发环境中的分支用于特性开发或错误修复 功能分支上测试环境的轻量级标记 release/prd的注释标记(主要分支)

在每个带注释的标签之后，所有的特征分支都从主分支中重新建立基础。

正如其他人所说，分支是一条开发线，随着更新提交的到来，头部会向前移动。这是功能开发的理想选择。

轻量级标签固定于特定的提交，这使得创建内部版本并让qa团队在开发完成后测试功能成为理想的选择。

注释标记非常适合从发布到生产，因为我们可以在将测试的特性分支合并到主分支(稳定)时添加正式的消息和其他注释。