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2023-12-03 05:00:04

HTTP URL地址编码在Java

我的Java独立应用程序从用户那里获得一个URL(指向一个文件)，我需要点击它并下载它。我面临的问题是，我不能正确编码HTTP URL地址…

例子:

URL:  http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first book.pdf

java.net.URLEncoder.encode(url.toString(), "ISO-8859-1");

回报我。

http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.barnesandnoble.com%2Fbooksearch%2Ffirst+book.pdf

但是，我想要的是

http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first%20book.pdf

(空格替换为%20)

我猜URLEncoder不是为编码HTTP url设计的…JavaDoc说“HTML表单编码的实用程序类”…还有别的办法吗?

当前回答

如果任何人不想向他们的项目添加依赖项，这些函数可能会有帮助。

我们将URL的path部分传递到这里。您可能不想将完整的URL作为参数传递进来(查询字符串需要不同的转义，等等)。

/**
 * Percent-encodes a string so it's suitable for use in a URL Path (not a query string / form encode, which uses + for spaces, etc)
 */
public static String percentEncode(String encodeMe) {
    if (encodeMe == null) {
        return "";
    }
    String encoded = encodeMe.replace("%", "%25");
    encoded = encoded.replace(" ", "%20");
    encoded = encoded.replace("!", "%21");
    encoded = encoded.replace("#", "%23");
    encoded = encoded.replace("$", "%24");
    encoded = encoded.replace("&", "%26");
    encoded = encoded.replace("'", "%27");
    encoded = encoded.replace("(", "%28");
    encoded = encoded.replace(")", "%29");
    encoded = encoded.replace("*", "%2A");
    encoded = encoded.replace("+", "%2B");
    encoded = encoded.replace(",", "%2C");
    encoded = encoded.replace("/", "%2F");
    encoded = encoded.replace(":", "%3A");
    encoded = encoded.replace(";", "%3B");
    encoded = encoded.replace("=", "%3D");
    encoded = encoded.replace("?", "%3F");
    encoded = encoded.replace("@", "%40");
    encoded = encoded.replace("[", "%5B");
    encoded = encoded.replace("]", "%5D");
    return encoded;
}

/**
 * Percent-decodes a string, such as used in a URL Path (not a query string / form encode, which uses + for spaces, etc)
 */
public static String percentDecode(String encodeMe) {
    if (encodeMe == null) {
        return "";
    }
    String decoded = encodeMe.replace("%21", "!");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%20", " ");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%23", "#");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%24", "$");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%26", "&");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%27", "'");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%28", "(");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%29", ")");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2A", "*");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2B", "+");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2C", ",");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2F", "/");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3A", ":");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3B", ";");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3D", "=");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3F", "?");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%40", "@");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%5B", "[");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%5D", "]");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%25", "%");
    return decoded;
}

和测试:

@Test
public void testPercentEncode_Decode() {
    assertEquals("", percentDecode(percentEncode(null)));
    assertEquals("", percentDecode(percentEncode("")));

    assertEquals("!", percentDecode(percentEncode("!")));
    assertEquals("#", percentDecode(percentEncode("#")));
    assertEquals("$", percentDecode(percentEncode("$")));
    assertEquals("@", percentDecode(percentEncode("@")));
    assertEquals("&", percentDecode(percentEncode("&")));
    assertEquals("'", percentDecode(percentEncode("'")));
    assertEquals("(", percentDecode(percentEncode("(")));
    assertEquals(")", percentDecode(percentEncode(")")));
    assertEquals("*", percentDecode(percentEncode("*")));
    assertEquals("+", percentDecode(percentEncode("+")));
    assertEquals(",", percentDecode(percentEncode(",")));
    assertEquals("/", percentDecode(percentEncode("/")));
    assertEquals(":", percentDecode(percentEncode(":")));
    assertEquals(";", percentDecode(percentEncode(";")));

    assertEquals("=", percentDecode(percentEncode("=")));
    assertEquals("?", percentDecode(percentEncode("?")));
    assertEquals("@", percentDecode(percentEncode("@")));
    assertEquals("[", percentDecode(percentEncode("[")));
    assertEquals("]", percentDecode(percentEncode("]")));
    assertEquals(" ", percentDecode(percentEncode(" ")));

    // Get a little complex
    assertEquals("[]]", percentDecode(percentEncode("[]]")));
    assertEquals("a=d%*", percentDecode(percentEncode("a=d%*")));
    assertEquals(")  (", percentDecode(percentEncode(")  (")));
    assertEquals("%21%20%2A%20%27%20%28%20%25%20%29%20%3B%20%3A%20%40%20%26%20%3D%20%2B%20%24%20%2C%20%2F%20%3F%20%23%20%5B%20%5D%20%25",
                    percentEncode("! * ' ( % ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? # [ ] %"));
    assertEquals("! * ' ( % ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? # [ ] %", percentDecode(
                    "%21%20%2A%20%27%20%28%20%25%20%29%20%3B%20%3A%20%40%20%26%20%3D%20%2B%20%24%20%2C%20%2F%20%3F%20%23%20%5B%20%5D%20%25"));

    assertEquals("%23456", percentDecode(percentEncode("%23456")));

}
2017-05-19 18:32:12

其他回答

我开发了一个用于此目的的库:galimatias。它解析URL的方式与web浏览器相同。也就是说，如果一个URL在浏览器中工作，它将被galimatias正确解析。

在这种情况下:

// Parse
io.mola.galimatias.URL.parse(
    "http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first book.pdf"
).toString()

会给你:http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first%20book.pdf。当然，这是最简单的情况，但它可以用于任何东西，远远超出java.net.URI。

你可以在https://github.com/smola/galimatias上查看

2014-03-18 14:57:01

URLEncoding可以很好地编码HTTP url，正如您不幸发现的那样。您传入的字符串“http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first book.pdf”被正确且完整地编码为url编码的表单。你可以把你得到的整个冗长的字符串作为URL的参数传递回去，它可以被解码成你传递进去的字符串。

听起来，您想要做一些与将整个URL作为参数传递不同的事情。据我所知，你试图创建一个看起来像“http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/whateverTheUserPassesIn”的搜索URL。你唯一需要编码的是“whateverTheUserPassesIn”位，所以也许你所需要做的就是这样:

String url = "http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/" + 
       URLEncoder.encode(userInput,"UTF-8");

这应该会产生一些对你更有效的东西。

2009-04-07 03:46:16

uri类可以提供帮助;你可以在URL的文档中找到

注意，URI类在某些情况下确实执行组件字段的转义。建议使用URI来管理url的编码和解码

使用一个具有多个参数的构造函数，例如:

URI uri = new URI(
    "http", 
    "search.barnesandnoble.com", 
    "/booksearch/first book.pdf",
    null);
URL url = uri.toURL();
//or String request = uri.toString();

(URI的单参数构造函数不转义非法字符)

上面的代码只转义了非法字符——它不会转义非ascii字符(参见fatih的评论)。 toASCIIString方法可用于获取仅包含US-ASCII字符的String:

URI uri = new URI(
    "http", 
    "search.barnesandnoble.com", 
    "/booksearch/é",
    null);
String request = uri.toASCIIString();

对于像http://www.google.com/ig/api?weather=São Paulo这样的查询URL，使用构造函数的5个参数版本:

URI uri = new URI(
        "http", 
        "www.google.com", 
        "/ig/api",
        "weather=São Paulo",
        null);
String request = uri.toASCIIString();
2009-04-07 09:12:13

除了Carlos Heuberger的回复: 如果需要不同于默认值(80)的参数，则应该使用7参数构造函数:

URI uri = new URI(
        "http",
        null, // this is for userInfo
        "www.google.com",
        8080, // port number as int
        "/ig/api",
        "weather=São Paulo",
        null);
String request = uri.toASCIIString();
2011-07-29 13:20:53

URL编码会对那个字符串进行编码这样它就能在URL中正确地传递到最终目的地。例如，您不能使用http://stackoverflow.com?url=http://yyy.com。UrlEncoding参数将修复该参数值。

所以我给你两个选择:

您是否有权访问与域分离的路径?如果是这样，您可以简单地对路径进行UrlEncode。然而，如果情况并非如此，那么选择2可能适合你。 commons - httpclient 3.1。它有一个类URIUtil: System.out.println(URIUtil.encodePath("http://example.com/x y"， "ISO-8859-1"));

这将输出您正在寻找的内容，因为它只对URI的路径部分进行编码。

供您参考，这个方法需要common -codec和common -logging才能在运行时工作。

2009-04-07 03:34:45

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