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2023-12-03 05:00:04

HTTP URL地址编码在Java

我的Java独立应用程序从用户那里获得一个URL(指向一个文件)，我需要点击它并下载它。我面临的问题是，我不能正确编码HTTP URL地址…

例子:

URL:  http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first book.pdf

java.net.URLEncoder.encode(url.toString(), "ISO-8859-1");

回报我。

http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.barnesandnoble.com%2Fbooksearch%2Ffirst+book.pdf

但是，我想要的是

http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first%20book.pdf

(空格替换为%20)

我猜URLEncoder不是为编码HTTP url设计的…JavaDoc说“HTML表单编码的实用程序类”…还有别的办法吗?

当前回答

如果任何人不想向他们的项目添加依赖项，这些函数可能会有帮助。

我们将URL的path部分传递到这里。您可能不想将完整的URL作为参数传递进来(查询字符串需要不同的转义，等等)。

/**
 * Percent-encodes a string so it's suitable for use in a URL Path (not a query string / form encode, which uses + for spaces, etc)
 */
public static String percentEncode(String encodeMe) {
    if (encodeMe == null) {
        return "";
    }
    String encoded = encodeMe.replace("%", "%25");
    encoded = encoded.replace(" ", "%20");
    encoded = encoded.replace("!", "%21");
    encoded = encoded.replace("#", "%23");
    encoded = encoded.replace("$", "%24");
    encoded = encoded.replace("&", "%26");
    encoded = encoded.replace("'", "%27");
    encoded = encoded.replace("(", "%28");
    encoded = encoded.replace(")", "%29");
    encoded = encoded.replace("*", "%2A");
    encoded = encoded.replace("+", "%2B");
    encoded = encoded.replace(",", "%2C");
    encoded = encoded.replace("/", "%2F");
    encoded = encoded.replace(":", "%3A");
    encoded = encoded.replace(";", "%3B");
    encoded = encoded.replace("=", "%3D");
    encoded = encoded.replace("?", "%3F");
    encoded = encoded.replace("@", "%40");
    encoded = encoded.replace("[", "%5B");
    encoded = encoded.replace("]", "%5D");
    return encoded;
}

/**
 * Percent-decodes a string, such as used in a URL Path (not a query string / form encode, which uses + for spaces, etc)
 */
public static String percentDecode(String encodeMe) {
    if (encodeMe == null) {
        return "";
    }
    String decoded = encodeMe.replace("%21", "!");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%20", " ");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%23", "#");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%24", "$");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%26", "&");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%27", "'");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%28", "(");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%29", ")");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2A", "*");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2B", "+");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2C", ",");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2F", "/");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3A", ":");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3B", ";");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3D", "=");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3F", "?");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%40", "@");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%5B", "[");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%5D", "]");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%25", "%");
    return decoded;
}

和测试:

@Test
public void testPercentEncode_Decode() {
    assertEquals("", percentDecode(percentEncode(null)));
    assertEquals("", percentDecode(percentEncode("")));

    assertEquals("!", percentDecode(percentEncode("!")));
    assertEquals("#", percentDecode(percentEncode("#")));
    assertEquals("$", percentDecode(percentEncode("$")));
    assertEquals("@", percentDecode(percentEncode("@")));
    assertEquals("&", percentDecode(percentEncode("&")));
    assertEquals("'", percentDecode(percentEncode("'")));
    assertEquals("(", percentDecode(percentEncode("(")));
    assertEquals(")", percentDecode(percentEncode(")")));
    assertEquals("*", percentDecode(percentEncode("*")));
    assertEquals("+", percentDecode(percentEncode("+")));
    assertEquals(",", percentDecode(percentEncode(",")));
    assertEquals("/", percentDecode(percentEncode("/")));
    assertEquals(":", percentDecode(percentEncode(":")));
    assertEquals(";", percentDecode(percentEncode(";")));

    assertEquals("=", percentDecode(percentEncode("=")));
    assertEquals("?", percentDecode(percentEncode("?")));
    assertEquals("@", percentDecode(percentEncode("@")));
    assertEquals("[", percentDecode(percentEncode("[")));
    assertEquals("]", percentDecode(percentEncode("]")));
    assertEquals(" ", percentDecode(percentEncode(" ")));

    // Get a little complex
    assertEquals("[]]", percentDecode(percentEncode("[]]")));
    assertEquals("a=d%*", percentDecode(percentEncode("a=d%*")));
    assertEquals(")  (", percentDecode(percentEncode(")  (")));
    assertEquals("%21%20%2A%20%27%20%28%20%25%20%29%20%3B%20%3A%20%40%20%26%20%3D%20%2B%20%24%20%2C%20%2F%20%3F%20%23%20%5B%20%5D%20%25",
                    percentEncode("! * ' ( % ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? # [ ] %"));
    assertEquals("! * ' ( % ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? # [ ] %", percentDecode(
                    "%21%20%2A%20%27%20%28%20%25%20%29%20%3B%20%3A%20%40%20%26%20%3D%20%2B%20%24%20%2C%20%2F%20%3F%20%23%20%5B%20%5D%20%25"));

    assertEquals("%23456", percentDecode(percentEncode("%23456")));

}
2017-05-19 18:32:12

其他回答

在此我将针对Android用户添加一条建议。您可以这样做，从而避免获得任何外部库。此外，上面一些答案中建议的所有搜索/替换字符解决方案都是危险的，应该避免。

试一试:

String urlStr = "http://abc.dev.domain.com/0007AC/ads/800x480 15sec h.264.mp4";
URL url = new URL(urlStr);
URI uri = new URI(url.getProtocol(), url.getUserInfo(), url.getHost(), url.getPort(), url.getPath(), url.getQuery(), url.getRef());
url = uri.toURL();

您可以看到，在这个特定的URL中，我需要对这些空格进行编码，以便我可以将其用于请求。

这利用了Android类中提供给你的几个功能。首先，URL类可以将URL分解为适当的组件，因此不需要进行任何字符串搜索/替换工作。其次，当您通过组件而不是从单个字符串构造URI时，这种方法利用了正确转义组件的URI类特性。

这种方法的美妙之处在于，您可以使用任何有效的url字符串并让它工作，而不需要您自己对它有任何特殊的了解。

2012-01-22 17:04:01

我阅读了以前的答案，写我自己的方法，因为我不能有一些正确的工作使用以前的答案的解决方案，它看起来对我很好，但如果你能找到不与此工作的URL，请让我知道。

public static URL convertToURLEscapingIllegalCharacters(String toEscape) throws MalformedURLException, URISyntaxException {
            URL url = new URL(toEscape);
            URI uri = new URI(url.getProtocol(), url.getUserInfo(), url.getHost(), url.getPort(), url.getPath(), url.getQuery(), url.getRef());
            //if a % is included in the toEscape string, it will be re-encoded to %25 and we don't want re-encoding, just encoding
            return new URL(uri.toString().replace("%25", "%"));
}
2015-06-04 10:02:20

我把上面的内容做了一些改变。我首先喜欢正逻辑，并且我认为HashSet可能比其他选项(比如通过String进行搜索)提供更好的性能。虽然，我不确定自动装箱的代价是否值得，但如果编译器针对ASCII字符进行了优化，那么装箱的代价就会很低。

/***
 * Replaces any character not specifically unreserved to an equivalent 
 * percent sequence.
 * @param s
 * @return
 */
public static String encodeURIcomponent(String s)
{
    StringBuilder o = new StringBuilder();
    for (char ch : s.toCharArray()) {
        if (isSafe(ch)) {
            o.append(ch);
        }
        else {
            o.append('%');
            o.append(toHex(ch / 16));
            o.append(toHex(ch % 16));
        }
    }
    return o.toString();
}

private static char toHex(int ch)
{
    return (char)(ch < 10 ? '0' + ch : 'A' + ch - 10);
}

// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.3
public static final HashSet<Character> UnreservedChars = new HashSet<Character>(Arrays.asList(
        'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
        'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
        '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
        '-','_','.','~'));
public static boolean isSafe(char ch)
{
    return UnreservedChars.contains(ch);
}
2018-08-08 19:41:51

我开发了一个用于此目的的库:galimatias。它解析URL的方式与web浏览器相同。也就是说，如果一个URL在浏览器中工作，它将被galimatias正确解析。

在这种情况下:

// Parse
io.mola.galimatias.URL.parse(
    "http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first book.pdf"
).toString()

会给你:http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first%20book.pdf。当然，这是最简单的情况，但它可以用于任何东西，远远超出java.net.URI。

你可以在https://github.com/smola/galimatias上查看

2014-03-18 14:57:01

你也可以使用GUAVA和路径逃脱器: UrlEscapers.urlFragmentEscaper () .escape (relativePath)

2016-05-18 11:54:16

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