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2023-12-03 05:00:04

HTTP URL地址编码在Java

我的Java独立应用程序从用户那里获得一个URL(指向一个文件)，我需要点击它并下载它。我面临的问题是，我不能正确编码HTTP URL地址…

例子:

URL:  http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first book.pdf

java.net.URLEncoder.encode(url.toString(), "ISO-8859-1");

回报我。

http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.barnesandnoble.com%2Fbooksearch%2Ffirst+book.pdf

但是，我想要的是

http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first%20book.pdf

(空格替换为%20)

我猜URLEncoder不是为编码HTTP url设计的…JavaDoc说“HTML表单编码的实用程序类”…还有别的办法吗?

当前回答

URL编码会对那个字符串进行编码这样它就能在URL中正确地传递到最终目的地。例如，您不能使用http://stackoverflow.com?url=http://yyy.com。UrlEncoding参数将修复该参数值。

所以我给你两个选择:

您是否有权访问与域分离的路径?如果是这样，您可以简单地对路径进行UrlEncode。然而，如果情况并非如此，那么选择2可能适合你。 commons - httpclient 3.1。它有一个类URIUtil: System.out.println(URIUtil.encodePath("http://example.com/x y"， "ISO-8859-1"));

这将输出您正在寻找的内容，因为它只对URI的路径部分进行编码。

供您参考，这个方法需要common -codec和common -logging才能在运行时工作。

2009-04-07 03:34:45

其他回答

我用这个

org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml4("my text % & < >");

添加这个依赖项

 <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-text</artifactId>
        <version>1.8</version>
    </dependency>
2019-09-16 11:41:22

请注意，上面的大部分答案都是不正确的。

URLEncoder类，不管它的名字，不是这里需要的。不幸的是，Sun给这个类命名得如此烦人。URLEncoder用于作为参数传递数据，而不是用于对URL本身进行编码。

换句话说，“http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first book.pdf”是URL。参数可以是，例如，“http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first book.pdf?parameter1=this&param2=that”。参数是你使用URLEncoder的目的。

下面两个例子强调了两者之间的区别。

根据HTTP标准，下面会产生错误的参数。注意&号(&)和加号(+)编码错误。

uri = new URI("http", null, "www.google.com", 80, 
"/help/me/book name+me/", "MY CRZY QUERY! +&+ :)", null);

// URI: http://www.google.com:80/help/me/book%20name+me/?MY%20CRZY%20QUERY!%20+&+%20:)

下面的代码将生成正确的参数，并对查询进行正确编码。注意空格、&号和加号。

uri = new URI("http", null, "www.google.com", 80, "/help/me/book name+me/", URLEncoder.encode("MY CRZY QUERY! +&+ :)", "UTF-8"), null);

// URI: http://www.google.com:80/help/me/book%20name+me/?MY+CRZY+QUERY%2521+%252B%2526%252B+%253A%2529
2010-04-07 21:01:40

如果任何人不想向他们的项目添加依赖项，这些函数可能会有帮助。

我们将URL的path部分传递到这里。您可能不想将完整的URL作为参数传递进来(查询字符串需要不同的转义，等等)。

/**
 * Percent-encodes a string so it's suitable for use in a URL Path (not a query string / form encode, which uses + for spaces, etc)
 */
public static String percentEncode(String encodeMe) {
    if (encodeMe == null) {
        return "";
    }
    String encoded = encodeMe.replace("%", "%25");
    encoded = encoded.replace(" ", "%20");
    encoded = encoded.replace("!", "%21");
    encoded = encoded.replace("#", "%23");
    encoded = encoded.replace("$", "%24");
    encoded = encoded.replace("&", "%26");
    encoded = encoded.replace("'", "%27");
    encoded = encoded.replace("(", "%28");
    encoded = encoded.replace(")", "%29");
    encoded = encoded.replace("*", "%2A");
    encoded = encoded.replace("+", "%2B");
    encoded = encoded.replace(",", "%2C");
    encoded = encoded.replace("/", "%2F");
    encoded = encoded.replace(":", "%3A");
    encoded = encoded.replace(";", "%3B");
    encoded = encoded.replace("=", "%3D");
    encoded = encoded.replace("?", "%3F");
    encoded = encoded.replace("@", "%40");
    encoded = encoded.replace("[", "%5B");
    encoded = encoded.replace("]", "%5D");
    return encoded;
}

/**
 * Percent-decodes a string, such as used in a URL Path (not a query string / form encode, which uses + for spaces, etc)
 */
public static String percentDecode(String encodeMe) {
    if (encodeMe == null) {
        return "";
    }
    String decoded = encodeMe.replace("%21", "!");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%20", " ");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%23", "#");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%24", "$");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%26", "&");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%27", "'");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%28", "(");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%29", ")");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2A", "*");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2B", "+");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2C", ",");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%2F", "/");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3A", ":");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3B", ";");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3D", "=");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%3F", "?");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%40", "@");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%5B", "[");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%5D", "]");
    decoded = decoded.replace("%25", "%");
    return decoded;
}

和测试:

@Test
public void testPercentEncode_Decode() {
    assertEquals("", percentDecode(percentEncode(null)));
    assertEquals("", percentDecode(percentEncode("")));

    assertEquals("!", percentDecode(percentEncode("!")));
    assertEquals("#", percentDecode(percentEncode("#")));
    assertEquals("$", percentDecode(percentEncode("$")));
    assertEquals("@", percentDecode(percentEncode("@")));
    assertEquals("&", percentDecode(percentEncode("&")));
    assertEquals("'", percentDecode(percentEncode("'")));
    assertEquals("(", percentDecode(percentEncode("(")));
    assertEquals(")", percentDecode(percentEncode(")")));
    assertEquals("*", percentDecode(percentEncode("*")));
    assertEquals("+", percentDecode(percentEncode("+")));
    assertEquals(",", percentDecode(percentEncode(",")));
    assertEquals("/", percentDecode(percentEncode("/")));
    assertEquals(":", percentDecode(percentEncode(":")));
    assertEquals(";", percentDecode(percentEncode(";")));

    assertEquals("=", percentDecode(percentEncode("=")));
    assertEquals("?", percentDecode(percentEncode("?")));
    assertEquals("@", percentDecode(percentEncode("@")));
    assertEquals("[", percentDecode(percentEncode("[")));
    assertEquals("]", percentDecode(percentEncode("]")));
    assertEquals(" ", percentDecode(percentEncode(" ")));

    // Get a little complex
    assertEquals("[]]", percentDecode(percentEncode("[]]")));
    assertEquals("a=d%*", percentDecode(percentEncode("a=d%*")));
    assertEquals(")  (", percentDecode(percentEncode(")  (")));
    assertEquals("%21%20%2A%20%27%20%28%20%25%20%29%20%3B%20%3A%20%40%20%26%20%3D%20%2B%20%24%20%2C%20%2F%20%3F%20%23%20%5B%20%5D%20%25",
                    percentEncode("! * ' ( % ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? # [ ] %"));
    assertEquals("! * ' ( % ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? # [ ] %", percentDecode(
                    "%21%20%2A%20%27%20%28%20%25%20%29%20%3B%20%3A%20%40%20%26%20%3D%20%2B%20%24%20%2C%20%2F%20%3F%20%23%20%5B%20%5D%20%25"));

    assertEquals("%23456", percentDecode(percentEncode("%23456")));

}
2017-05-19 18:32:12

uri类可以提供帮助;你可以在URL的文档中找到

注意，URI类在某些情况下确实执行组件字段的转义。建议使用URI来管理url的编码和解码

使用一个具有多个参数的构造函数，例如:

URI uri = new URI(
    "http", 
    "search.barnesandnoble.com", 
    "/booksearch/first book.pdf",
    null);
URL url = uri.toURL();
//or String request = uri.toString();

(URI的单参数构造函数不转义非法字符)

上面的代码只转义了非法字符——它不会转义非ascii字符(参见fatih的评论)。 toASCIIString方法可用于获取仅包含US-ASCII字符的String:

URI uri = new URI(
    "http", 
    "search.barnesandnoble.com", 
    "/booksearch/é",
    null);
String request = uri.toASCIIString();

对于像http://www.google.com/ig/api?weather=São Paulo这样的查询URL，使用构造函数的5个参数版本:

URI uri = new URI(
        "http", 
        "www.google.com", 
        "/ig/api",
        "weather=São Paulo",
        null);
String request = uri.toASCIIString();
2009-04-07 09:12:13

在此我将针对Android用户添加一条建议。您可以这样做，从而避免获得任何外部库。此外，上面一些答案中建议的所有搜索/替换字符解决方案都是危险的，应该避免。

试一试:

String urlStr = "http://abc.dev.domain.com/0007AC/ads/800x480 15sec h.264.mp4";
URL url = new URL(urlStr);
URI uri = new URI(url.getProtocol(), url.getUserInfo(), url.getHost(), url.getPort(), url.getPath(), url.getQuery(), url.getRef());
url = uri.toURL();

您可以看到，在这个特定的URL中，我需要对这些空格进行编码，以便我可以将其用于请求。

这利用了Android类中提供给你的几个功能。首先，URL类可以将URL分解为适当的组件，因此不需要进行任何字符串搜索/替换工作。其次，当您通过组件而不是从单个字符串构造URI时，这种方法利用了正确转义组件的URI类特性。

这种方法的美妙之处在于，您可以使用任何有效的url字符串并让它工作，而不需要您自己对它有任何特殊的了解。

2012-01-22 17:04:01

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