如何迭代由空格分隔的单词组成的字符串中的单词？
注意，我对C字符串函数或那种字符操作/访问不感兴趣。比起效率，我更喜欢优雅。我当前的解决方案：
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string s = "Somewhere down the road";
istringstream iss(s);
do {
string subs;
iss >> subs;
cout << "Substring: " << subs << endl;
} while (iss);
}
当前回答
另一种灵活快速的方式
template<typename Operator>
void tokenize(Operator& op, const char* input, const char* delimiters) {
const char* s = input;
const char* e = s;
while (*e != 0) {
e = s;
while (*e != 0 && strchr(delimiters, *e) == 0) ++e;
if (e - s > 0) {
op(s, e - s);
}
s = e + 1;
}
}
要将其与字符串向量一起使用（编辑：由于有人指出不继承STL类…hrmf；）：
template<class ContainerType>
class Appender {
public:
Appender(ContainerType& container) : container_(container) {;}
void operator() (const char* s, unsigned length) {
container_.push_back(std::string(s,length));
}
private:
ContainerType& container_;
};
std::vector<std::string> strVector;
Appender v(strVector);
tokenize(v, "A number of words to be tokenized", " \t");
就是这样！这只是使用tokenizer的一种方式，比如如何计数单词：
class WordCounter {
public:
WordCounter() : noOfWords(0) {}
void operator() (const char*, unsigned) {
++noOfWords;
}
unsigned noOfWords;
};
WordCounter wc;
tokenize(wc, "A number of words to be counted", " \t");
ASSERT( wc.noOfWords == 7 );
受限于想象力；）
其他回答
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
vector<string> split(const string &s, char delim) {
vector<string> elems;
stringstream ss(s);
string item;
while (getline(ss, item, delim)) {
elems.push_back(item);
}
return elems;
}
int main() {
vector<string> x = split("thi is an sample test",' ');
unsigned int i;
for(i=0;i<x.size();i++)
cout<<i<<":"<<x[i]<<endl;
return 0;
}
作为一个业余爱好者，这是我想到的第一个解决方案。我有点好奇，为什么我还没有在这里看到类似的解决方案，是不是我的做法有根本问题？
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string &s, const std::string &delims)
{
std::vector<std::string> result;
std::string::size_type pos = 0;
while (std::string::npos != (pos = s.find_first_not_of(delims, pos))) {
auto pos2 = s.find_first_of(delims, pos);
result.emplace_back(s.substr(pos, std::string::npos == pos2 ? pos2 : pos2 - pos));
pos = pos2;
}
return result;
}
int main()
{
std::string text{"And then I said: \"I don't get it, why would you even do that!?\""};
std::string delims{" :;\".,?!"};
auto words = split(text, delims);
std::cout << "\nSentence:\n " << text << "\n\nWords:";
for (const auto &w : words) {
std::cout << "\n " << w;
}
return 0;
}
http://cpp.sh/7wmzy
我使用这个simpleton是因为我们得到了字符串类“特殊”（即非标准）：
void splitString(const String &s, const String &delim, std::vector<String> &result) {
const int l = delim.length();
int f = 0;
int i = s.indexOf(delim,f);
while (i>=0) {
String token( i-f > 0 ? s.substring(f,i-f) : "");
result.push_back(token);
f=i+l;
i = s.indexOf(delim,f);
}
String token = s.substring(f);
result.push_back(token);
}
我喜欢下面的代码，因为它将结果放入一个向量中，支持字符串作为delim，并控制保持空值。但是，那时候看起来不太好。
#include <ostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
vector<string> split(const string& s, const string& delim, const bool keep_empty = true) {
vector<string> result;
if (delim.empty()) {
result.push_back(s);
return result;
}
string::const_iterator substart = s.begin(), subend;
while (true) {
subend = search(substart, s.end(), delim.begin(), delim.end());
string temp(substart, subend);
if (keep_empty || !temp.empty()) {
result.push_back(temp);
}
if (subend == s.end()) {
break;
}
substart = subend + delim.size();
}
return result;
}
int main() {
const vector<string> words = split("So close no matter how far", " ");
copy(words.begin(), words.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n"));
}
当然，Boost有一个split（），它的部分功能与此类似。而且，如果“空白”是指任何类型的空白，那么使用Boost的split和is_any_of（）都非常有用。
我使用以下代码：
namespace Core
{
typedef std::wstring String;
void SplitString(const Core::String& input, const Core::String& splitter, std::list<Core::String>& output)
{
if (splitter.empty())
{
throw std::invalid_argument(); // for example
}
std::list<Core::String> lines;
Core::String::size_type offset = 0;
for (;;)
{
Core::String::size_type splitterPos = input.find(splitter, offset);
if (splitterPos != Core::String::npos)
{
lines.push_back(input.substr(offset, splitterPos - offset));
offset = splitterPos + splitter.size();
}
else
{
lines.push_back(input.substr(offset));
break;
}
}
lines.swap(output);
}
}
// gtest:
class SplitStringTest: public testing::Test
{
};
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, EmptyStringAndSplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
ASSERT_ANY_THROW(Core::SplitString(Core::String(), Core::String(), result));
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, NonEmptyStringAndEmptySplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
ASSERT_ANY_THROW(Core::SplitString(L"xy", Core::String(), result));
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, EmptyStringAndNonEmptySplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
Core::SplitString(Core::String(), Core::String(L","), result);
ASSERT_EQ(1, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.begin());
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, OneCharSplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
Core::SplitString(L"x,y", L",", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"x", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L"y", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L",xy", L",", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L"xy", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L"xy,", L",", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"xy", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.rbegin());
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, TwoCharsSplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
Core::SplitString(L"x,.y,z", L",.", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"x", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L"y,z", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L"x,,y,z", L",,", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"x", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L"y,z", *result.rbegin());
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, RecursiveSplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
Core::SplitString(L",,,", L",,", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L",", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L",.,.,", L",.,", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L".,", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L"x,.,.,y", L",.,", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"x", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L".,y", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L",.,,.,", L",.,", result);
ASSERT_EQ(3, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *(++result.begin()));
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.rbegin());
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, NullTerminators)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
Core::SplitString(L"xy", Core::String(L"\0", 1), result);
ASSERT_EQ(1, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"xy", *result.begin());
Core::SplitString(Core::String(L"x\0y", 3), Core::String(L"\0", 1), result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"x", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L"y", *result.rbegin());
}
