如何在bash脚本中等待从该脚本派生的几个子进程完成，然后在任何子进程以code !=0结束时返回退出代码!=0?
简单的脚本:
#!/bin/bash
for i in `seq 0 9`; do
doCalculations $i &
done
wait
上面的脚本将等待所有10个子进程，但它总是给出退出状态0(参见help wait)。我如何修改这个脚本，以便它将发现衍生子进程的退出状态，并在任何子进程以code !=0结束时返回退出代码1 ?
有没有比收集子进程的pid、按顺序等待它们并求和退出状态更好的解决方案呢?
当前回答
http://jeremy.zawodny.com/blog/archives/010717.html:
#!/bin/bash
FAIL=0
echo "starting"
./sleeper 2 0 &
./sleeper 2 1 &
./sleeper 3 0 &
./sleeper 2 0 &
for job in `jobs -p`
do
echo $job
wait $job || let "FAIL+=1"
done
echo $FAIL
if [ "$FAIL" == "0" ];
then
echo "YAY!"
else
echo "FAIL! ($FAIL)"
fi
其他回答
我几乎陷入了使用jobs -p来收集pid的陷阱，如果子进程已经退出，这将不起作用，如下面的脚本所示。我选择的解决方案是简单地调用-n N次，其中N是我有孩子的数量，这是我确定知道的。
#!/usr/bin/env bash
sleeper() {
echo "Sleeper $1"
sleep $2
echo "Exiting $1"
return $3
}
start_sleepers() {
sleeper 1 1 0 &
sleeper 2 2 $1 &
sleeper 3 5 0 &
sleeper 4 6 0 &
sleep 4
}
echo "Using jobs"
start_sleepers 1
pids=( $(jobs -p) )
echo "PIDS: ${pids[*]}"
for pid in "${pids[@]}"; do
wait "$pid"
echo "Exit code $?"
done
echo "Clearing other children"
wait -n; echo "Exit code $?"
wait -n; echo "Exit code $?"
echo "Waiting for N processes"
start_sleepers 2
for ignored in $(seq 1 4); do
wait -n
echo "Exit code $?"
done
输出:
Using jobs
Sleeper 1
Sleeper 2
Sleeper 3
Sleeper 4
Exiting 1
Exiting 2
PIDS: 56496 56497
Exiting 3
Exit code 0
Exiting 4
Exit code 0
Clearing other children
Exit code 0
Exit code 1
Waiting for N processes
Sleeper 1
Sleeper 2
Sleeper 3
Sleeper 4
Exiting 1
Exiting 2
Exit code 0
Exit code 2
Exiting 3
Exit code 0
Exiting 4
Exit code 0
等待所有作业并返回最后一个失败作业的退出码。与上面的解决方案不同，这不需要保存pid，也不需要修改脚本的内部循环。走开，等着吧。
function wait_ex {
# this waits for all jobs and returns the exit code of the last failing job
ecode=0
while true; do
[ -z "$(jobs)" ] && break
wait -n
err="$?"
[ "$err" != "0" ] && ecode="$err"
done
return $ecode
}
编辑:修正了脚本运行不存在的命令时可能被愚弄的错误。
下面的代码将等待所有计算的完成，并在任何doccalculation失败时返回退出状态1。
#!/bin/bash
for i in $(seq 0 9); do
(doCalculations $i >&2 & wait %1; echo $?) &
done | grep -qv 0 && exit 1
从Bash 5.1开始，由于引入了wait -p，有了一种很好的等待和处理多个后台作业结果的新方法:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Spawn background jobs
for ((i=0; i < 10; i++)); do
secs=$((RANDOM % 10)); code=$((RANDOM % 256))
(sleep ${secs}; exit ${code}) &
echo "Started background job (pid: $!, sleep: ${secs}, code: ${code})"
done
# Wait for background jobs, print individual results, determine overall result
result=0
while true; do
wait -n -p pid; code=$?
[[ -z "${pid}" ]] && break
echo "Background job ${pid} finished with code ${code}"
(( ${code} != 0 )) && result=1
done
# Return overall result
exit ${result}
我想运行doCalculations;echo $ ?”>>/tmp/acc在一个子shell中被发送到后台，然后等待，然后/tmp/acc将包含退出状态，每行一个。不过，我不知道多个进程附加到累加器文件的任何后果。
下面是这个建议的一个例子:
文件:doCalcualtions
#!/bin/sh
random -e 20
sleep $?
random -e 10
文件:
#!/bin/sh
rm /tmp/acc
for i in $( seq 0 20 )
do
( ./doCalculations "$i"; echo "$?" >>/tmp/acc ) &
done
wait
cat /tmp/acc | fmt
rm /tmp/acc
running ./try的输出
5 1 9 6 8 1 2 0 9 6 5 9 6 0 0 4 9 5 5 9 8
