http://jeremy.zawodny.com/blog/archives/010717.html:

#!/bin/bash

FAIL=0

echo "starting"

./sleeper 2 0 &
./sleeper 2 1 &
./sleeper 3 0 &
./sleeper 2 0 &

for job in `jobs -p`
do
echo $job
    wait $job || let "FAIL+=1"
done

echo $FAIL

if [ "$FAIL" == "0" ];
then
echo "YAY!"
else
echo "FAIL! ($FAIL)"
fi

http://jeremy.zawodny.com/blog/archives/010717.html:

#!/bin/bash

FAIL=0

echo "starting"

./sleeper 2 0 &
./sleeper 2 1 &
./sleeper 3 0 &
./sleeper 2 0 &

for job in `jobs -p`
do
echo $job
    wait $job || let "FAIL+=1"
done

echo $FAIL

if [ "$FAIL" == "0" ];
then
echo "YAY!"
else
echo "FAIL! ($FAIL)"
fi

使用'wait -n'来等待多个子进程，并在其中任何一个进程以非零状态码退出时退出。

#!/bin/bash
wait_for_pids()
{
    for (( i = 1; i <= $#; i++ )) do
        wait -n $@
        status=$?
        echo "received status: "$status
        if [ $status -ne 0 ] && [ $status -ne 127 ]; then
            exit 1
        fi
    done
}

sleep_for_10()
{
    sleep 10
    exit 10
}

sleep_for_20()
{
    sleep 20
}

sleep_for_10 &
pid1=$!

sleep_for_20 &
pid2=$!

wait_for_pids $pid2 $pid1

状态代码'127'是不存在的进程，这意味着子进程可能已经退出。

正是为了这个目的，我写了一个bash函数:for。

注意::for不仅保留并返回失败函数的退出码，而且终止所有并行运行的实例。在这种情况下可能不需要。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Wait for pids to terminate. If one pid exits with
# a non zero exit code, send the TERM signal to all
# processes and retain that exit code
#
# usage:
# :wait 123 32
function :wait(){
    local pids=("$@")
    [ ${#pids} -eq 0 ] && return $?

    trap 'kill -INT "${pids[@]}" &>/dev/null || true; trap - INT' INT
    trap 'kill -TERM "${pids[@]}" &>/dev/null || true; trap - RETURN TERM' RETURN TERM

    for pid in "${pids[@]}"; do
        wait "${pid}" || return $?
    done

    trap - INT RETURN TERM
}

# Run a function in parallel for each argument.
# Stop all instances if one exits with a non zero
# exit code
#
# usage:
# :for func 1 2 3
#
# env:
# FOR_PARALLEL: Max functions running in parallel
function :for(){
    local f="${1}" && shift

    local i=0
    local pids=()
    for arg in "$@"; do
        ( ${f} "${arg}" ) &
        pids+=("$!")
        if [ ! -z ${FOR_PARALLEL+x} ]; then
            (( i=(i+1)%${FOR_PARALLEL} ))
            if (( i==0 )) ;then
                :wait "${pids[@]}" || return $?
                pids=()
            fi
        fi
    done && [ ${#pids} -eq 0 ] || :wait "${pids[@]}" || return $?
}

使用

for.sh:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e

# import :for from gist: https://gist.github.com/Enteee/c8c11d46a95568be4d331ba58a702b62#file-for
# if you don't like curl imports, source the actual file here.
source <(curl -Ls https://gist.githubusercontent.com/Enteee/c8c11d46a95568be4d331ba58a702b62/raw/)

msg="You should see this three times"

:(){
  i="${1}" && shift

  echo "${msg}"

  sleep 1
  if   [ "$i" == "1" ]; then sleep 1
  elif [ "$i" == "2" ]; then false
  elif [ "$i" == "3" ]; then
    sleep 3
    echo "You should never see this"
  fi
} && :for : 1 2 3 || exit $?

echo "You should never see this"

$ ./for.sh; echo $?
You should see this three times
You should see this three times
You should see this three times
1

参考文献

[1]:博客 [2]:要点

如果您有bash 4.2或更高版本可用，以下内容可能对您有用。它使用关联数组存储任务名称及其“代码”，以及任务名称及其pid。我还内置了一个简单的速率限制方法，如果你的任务消耗了大量CPU或I/O时间，你想限制并发任务的数量，这个方法可能会派上用场。

脚本在第一个循环中启动所有任务，在第二个循环中使用结果。

对于简单的情况，这有点过分，但它允许非常简洁的东西。例如，可以将每个任务的错误消息存储在另一个关联数组中，并在一切都解决后打印它们。

#! /bin/bash

main () {
    local -A pids=()
    local -A tasks=([task1]="echo 1"
                    [task2]="echo 2"
                    [task3]="echo 3"
                    [task4]="false"
                    [task5]="echo 5"
                    [task6]="false")
    local max_concurrent_tasks=2

    for key in "${!tasks[@]}"; do
        while [ $(jobs 2>&1 | grep -c Running) -ge "$max_concurrent_tasks" ]; do
            sleep 1 # gnu sleep allows floating point here...
        done
        ${tasks[$key]} &
        pids+=(["$key"]="$!")
    done

    errors=0
    for key in "${!tasks[@]}"; do
        pid=${pids[$key]}
        local cur_ret=0
        if [ -z "$pid" ]; then
            echo "No Job ID known for the $key process" # should never happen
            cur_ret=1
        else
            wait $pid
            cur_ret=$?
        fi
        if [ "$cur_ret" -ne 0 ]; then
            errors=$(($errors + 1))
            echo "$key (${tasks[$key]}) failed."
        fi
    done

    return $errors
}

main

我想运行doCalculations;echo $ ?”>>/tmp/acc在一个子shell中被发送到后台，然后等待，然后/tmp/acc将包含退出状态，每行一个。不过，我不知道多个进程附加到累加器文件的任何后果。

下面是这个建议的一个例子:

文件:doCalcualtions

#!/bin/sh

random -e 20
sleep $?
random -e 10

文件:

#!/bin/sh

rm /tmp/acc

for i in $( seq 0 20 ) 
do
        ( ./doCalculations "$i"; echo "$?" >>/tmp/acc ) &
done

wait

cat /tmp/acc | fmt
rm /tmp/acc

running ./try的输出

5 1 9 6 8 1 2 0 9 6 5 9 6 0 0 4 9 5 5 9 8