我需要一个更快的ping扫描，我不想使用任何外部库，所以我决定使用内置的asyncio来实现并发。

此代码需要python 3.7+，仅在Linux上制作和测试。它不能在Windows上工作，但我相信你可以很容易地将其更改为在Windows上工作。

我不是asyncio方面的专家，但我使用了这篇很棒的文章，用并发性加速你的Python程序，我想出了这些代码行。我试图使它尽可能简单，所以很可能您需要添加更多的代码来满足您的需求。

它不会返回true或false，我认为让它打印响应ping请求的IP会更方便。我认为这是相当快的，在近10秒内ping 255个ip。

#!/usr/bin/python3

import asyncio

async def ping(host):
    """
    Prints the hosts that respond to ping request
    """
    ping_process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell("ping -c 1 " + host + " > /dev/null 2>&1")
    await ping_process.wait()

    if ping_process.returncode == 0:
        print(host)
    return 


async def ping_all():
    tasks = []

    for i in range(1,255):
        ip = "192.168.1.{}".format(i)
        task = asyncio.ensure_future(ping(ip))
        tasks.append(task)

    await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions = True)

asyncio.run(ping_all())

样例输出:

192.168.1.1
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.102
192.168.1.106
192.168.1.6

请注意，IP不是按顺序排列的，因为IP在它响应时就会打印出来，所以先响应的就会先打印出来。

因为我喜欢让我的Python程序在2.7和3版本上通用。在Linux, Mac OS和Windows平台上，我必须修改现有的示例。

# shebang does not work over all platforms
# ping.py  2016-02-25 Rudolf
# subprocess.call() is preferred to os.system()
# works under Python 2.7 and 3.4
# works under Linux, Mac OS, Windows

def ping(host):
    """
    Returns True if host responds to a ping request
    """
    import subprocess, platform

    # Ping parameters as function of OS
    ping_str = "-n 1" if  platform.system().lower()=="windows" else "-c 1"
    args = "ping " + " " + ping_str + " " + host
    need_sh = False if  platform.system().lower()=="windows" else True

    # Ping
    return subprocess.call(args, shell=need_sh) == 0

# test call
print(ping("192.168.17.142"))

import os #to get clear screen
import subprocess as sp #to get system ping
os.system("clear") #clear screen
print('Wait or Press Ctrl+Z to Terminate\n') #notice to terminate or wait
for i in range(255): #0 to 255 loop
    ip='192.168.1.'+str(i) #concatenating str and int
    s,r=sp.getstatusoutput("ping -c1 -w2 " + ip) #ping and store status in s
    if s==0: #if status is 0 equal to pass
        print(ip+" is UP ✓ ") #output
    else: #if status is not 0 equal to fail
        pass #skip and try next ip from loop

这个脚本适用于Windows，也适用于其他操作系统: 它可以在Windows, Debian和macosx上工作，需要在solaris上测试。

import os
import platform


def isUp(hostname):

    giveFeedback = False

    if platform.system() == "Windows":
        response = os.system("ping "+hostname+" -n 1")
    else:
        response = os.system("ping -c 1 " + hostname)

    isUpBool = False
    if response == 0:
        if giveFeedback:
            print hostname, 'is up!'
        isUpBool = True
    else:
        if giveFeedback:
            print hostname, 'is down!'

    return isUpBool

print(isUp("example.com")) #Example domain
print(isUp("localhost")) #Your computer
print(isUp("invalid.example.com")) #Unresolvable hostname: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6761
print(isUp("192.168.1.1")) #Pings local router
print(isUp("192.168.1.135")) #Pings a local computer - will differ for your network

在linux上，可以创建ICMP数据报(不是原始)套接字，而不需要root(或setuid或CAP_NET_RAW): https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/592914。最后我得到了

$ id
uid=1000(raylu) gid=1000(raylu) [...]
$ sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ping_group_range='1000 1000'

import socket
import struct
import time

def main():
    ping('192.168.1.10')

def ping(destination):
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.getprotobyname('icmp'))
    sock.settimeout(10.0)
    start_time = time.time_ns() # python 3.7+ only

    payload = struct.pack('L', start_time)
    sock.sendto(encode(payload), (destination, 0))
    while (time.time_ns() - start_time) // 1_000_000_000 < 10:
        try:
            data, source = sock.recvfrom(256)
        except socket.timeout:
            print('timed out')
            return
        message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number = struct.unpack('bbHHh', data[:8])
        if source == (destination, 0) and message_type == ICMP.ECHO_REPLY and data[8:] == payload:
            print((time.time_ns() - start_time) // 1_000_000, 'ms')
            break
        else:
            print('got unexpected packet from %s:' % source[0], message_type, data[8:])
    else:
        print('timed out')

def encode(payload: bytes):
    # calculate checksum with check set to 0
    checksum = calc_checksum(icmp_header(ICMP.ECHO_REQUEST, 0, 0, 1, 1) + payload)
    # craft the packet again with the checksum set
    return icmp_header(ICMP.ECHO_REQUEST, 0, checksum, 1, 1) + payload

def icmp_header(message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number) -> bytes:
    return struct.pack('bbHHh', message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number)

def calc_checksum(data: bytes) -> int:
    '''RFC 1071'''
    # code stolen from https://github.com/alessandromaggio/pythonping/blob/a59ce65a/pythonping/icmp.py#L8
    '''
    MIT License

    Copyright (c) 2018 Alessandro Maggio

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
    copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
    SOFTWARE.
    '''
    subtotal = 0
    for i in range(0, len(data)-1, 2):
        subtotal += (data[i] << 8) + data[i+1]
    if len(data) % 2:
        subtotal += (data[len(data)-1] << 8)
    while subtotal >> 16:
        subtotal = (subtotal & 0xFFFF) + (subtotal >> 16)
    check = ~subtotal
    return ((check << 8) & 0xFF00) | ((check >> 8) & 0x00FF)

class ICMP:
    ECHO_REPLY = 0
    ECHO_REQUEST = 8

虽然这里其他答案建议的许多软件包也可以工作

我使用这篇文章中回答的想法，但只使用更新的推荐子进程模块和python3:

import subprocess
import platform

operating_sys = platform.system()
nas = '192.168.0.10'

def ping(ip):
    # ping_command = ['ping', ip, '-n', '1'] instead of ping_command = ['ping', ip, '-n 1'] for Windows
    ping_command = ['ping', ip, '-n', '1'] if operating_sys == 'Windows' else ['ping', ip, '-c 1']
    shell_needed = True if operating_sys == 'Windows' else False

    ping_output = subprocess.run(ping_command,shell=shell_needed,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    success = ping_output.returncode
    return True if success == 0 else False

out = ping(nas)
print(out)