错误信息:

“自数据库创建以来,支持‘AddressBook’上下文的模型已经发生了变化。手动删除/更新数据库,或者调用database。带有IDatabaseInitializer实例的SetInitializer。例如,RecreateDatabaseIfModelChanges策略将自动删除并重新创建数据库,并可选地为其添加新数据。”

我正在尝试使用代码优先功能,以下是我写的:

var modelBuilder = new ModelBuilder();
var model = modelBuilder.CreateModel();
using (AddressBook context = new AddressBook(model))
{
    var contact = new Contact
    {
        ContactID = 10000,
        FirstName = "Brian",
        LastName = "Lara",
        ModifiedDate = DateTime.Now,
        AddDate = DateTime.Now,
        Title = "Mr."

    };
    context.contacts.Add(contact);
    int result = context.SaveChanges();
    Console.WriteLine("Result :- "+ result.ToString());
}

上下文类:

public class AddressBook : DbContext
{
    public AddressBook()
    { }
    public AddressBook(DbModel AddressBook)
        : base(AddressBook)
    {

    }
    public DbSet<Contact> contacts { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Address> Addresses { get; set; }
}

和连接字符串:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <connectionStrings>
    <add name="AddressBook" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"  
         connectionString="Data Source=MyMachine;Initial Catalog=AddressBook;
         Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True;"/>
    </connectionStrings>
</configuration>

因此,数据库名称是“AddressBook”,当我试图将联系人对象添加到上下文时发生错误。我遗漏了什么吗?


当前回答

实体框架5.0.0.0 - 6.1.3

你确实想做以下事情:

1. using System.Data.Entity;   to startup file (console app --> Program.cs / mvc --> global.asax
2. Database.SetInitializer<YourDatabaseContext>(null);

是的,马特·弗雷尔是对的。更新-编辑:警告是我同意其他人的观点,而不是将此代码添加到全局。asax添加到你的DbContext类

protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    // other code 
    Database.SetInitializer<YOURContext>(null);
    // more code here.
}

正如其他人提到的,这也有利于处理单元测试。

目前,我正在使用实体框架6.1.3 /.net 4.6.1

在不久的将来,我将回来提供一个CORE片段。

其他回答

我有这个问题,原来是一个项目指向SQLExpress,但有问题的是指向LocalDb。(在它们各自的web.config中)。愚蠢的疏忽,但值得注意的是,如果其他人正在排除这个问题。

好建议,但并非在所有情况下都如此准确。我算出一个。 请确保您在Visual Studio中使用PM窗口运行“enable-migrations”,迁移文件夹将添加到您的项目中。

确保添加到文件夹中的两个c#类文件将包含所有模型及其各自的属性。

如果您拥有所有这些,就构建解决方案,并发布部署。

逻辑是不能覆盖现有元数据,因为应用程序没有元数据来替换当前元数据。结果,你会得到这样的错误“支持上下文的模型自数据库创建以来已经改变了”

以下是Jeff在Scott Gu的博客上发布的一些信息:

For those who are seeing this exception: "The model backing the 'Production' context has changed since the database was created. Either manually delete/update the database, or call Database.SetInitializer with an IDatabaseInitializer instance." Here is what is going on and what to do about it: When a model is first created, we run a DatabaseInitializer to do things like create the database if it's not there or add seed data. The default DatabaseInitializer tries to compare the database schema needed to use the model with a hash of the schema stored in an EdmMetadata table that is created with a database (when Code First is the one creating the database). Existing databases won’t have the EdmMetadata table and so won’t have the hash…and the implementation today will throw if that table is missing. We'll work on changing this behavior before we ship the fial version since it is the default. Until then, existing databases do not generally need any database initializer so it can be turned off for your context type by calling: Database.SetInitializer<YourDbContext>(null); Jeff

I am reading the Pro ASP.NET MVC 4 book as well, and ran into the same problem you were having. For me, I started having the problem after making the changes prescribed in the 'Adding Model Validation' section of the book. The way I resolved the problem is by moving my database from the localdb to the full-blown SQL Server 2012 server. (BTW, I know that I am lucky I could switch to the full-blown version, so don't hate me. ;-))) There must be something with the communication to the db that is causing the problem.

这很奇怪,但这里所有的答案对我来说都没用。 对于我来说,有效的初始化器

MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion

以下是我的解决方案(我知道,它可以简单得多,但这就是我使用它的方式):

class MyDbMigrateToLatest : MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyDbContext, Configuration>
{
}

public class MyDbContext: DbContext
{
    public MyDbContext() : base("DbName")
    {
        SetInitializer();
    }

    public MyDbContext(string connString) : base(connString)
    {
        SetInitializer();
    }

    private static void SetInitializer()
    {
        if (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["RebuildDatabaseOnStart"] == "true")
            Database.SetInitializer(new MyDbInitializerForTesting());
        else
            Database.SetInitializer(new MyDbMigrateToLatest());
    }
}

public sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyDbContext>
{
    public Configuration()
    {
        AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
    }

    protected override void Seed(MyDbContext context)
    {
        // Whatever
    }
}

MyDbInitializerForTesting只是继承自DropCreateDatabaseAlways,所以在某些特定的情况下(测试),整个数据库被重建。否则,它已迁移到最新版本。

我的来源:https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/jj591621.aspx#specific