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2025-04-05 07:00:01

如何确定在android文件的MIME类型?

假设我有一个完整的文件路径:(/sdcard/tlogo.png)。我想知道它的mime类型。

我为它创建了一个函数

public static String getMimeType(File file, Context context)    
{
    Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
    ContentResolver cR = context.getContentResolver();
    MimeTypeMap mime = MimeTypeMap.getSingleton();
    String type = mime.getExtensionFromMimeType(cR.getType(uri));
    return type;
}

但当我调用它时，它返回null。

File file = new File(filePath);
String fileType=CommonFunctions.getMimeType(file, context);

当前回答

有时Jeb和Jens的答案不工作并返回null。在这种情况下，我使用跟随解决方案。文件头通常包含类型签名。我阅读了它，并与已知的签名列表进行了比较。

/**
 *
 * @param is InputStream on start of file. Otherwise signature can not be defined.
 * @return int id of signature or -1, if unknown signature was found. See SIGNATURE_ID_(type) constants to
 *      identify signature by its id.
 * @throws IOException in cases of read errors.
 */
public static int getSignatureIdFromHeader(InputStream is) throws IOException {
    // read signature from head of source and compare with known signatures
    int signatureId = -1;
    int sigCount = SIGNATURES.length;
    int[] byteArray = new int[MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH];
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH; i++) {
        byteArray[i] = is.read();
        builder.append(Integer.toHexString(byteArray[i]));
    }
    if (DEBUG) {
        Log.d(TAG, "head bytes=" + builder.toString());
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH; i++) {

        // check each bytes with known signatures
        int bytes = byteArray[i];
        int lastSigId = -1;
        int coincidences = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < sigCount; j++) {
            int[] sig = SIGNATURES[j];

            if (DEBUG) {
                Log.d(TAG, "compare" + i + ": " + Integer.toHexString(bytes) + " with " + sig[i]);
            }
            if (bytes == sig[i]) {
                lastSigId = j;
                coincidences++;
            }
        }

        // signature is unknown
        if (coincidences == 0) {
            break;
        }
        // if first bytes of signature is known we check signature for full coincidence
        if (coincidences == 1) {
            int[] sig = SIGNATURES[lastSigId];
            int sigLength = sig.length;
            boolean isSigKnown = true;
            for (; i < MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH && i < sigLength; i++) {
                bytes = byteArray[i];
                if (bytes != sig[i]) {
                    isSigKnown = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (isSigKnown) {
                signatureId = lastSigId;
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    return signatureId;
}

signatureId是签名数组中签名的索引。例如,

private static final int[] SIGNATURE_PNG = hexStringToIntArray("89504E470D0A1A0A");
private static final int[] SIGNATURE_JPEG = hexStringToIntArray("FFD8FF");
private static final int[] SIGNATURE_GIF = hexStringToIntArray("474946");

public static final int SIGNATURE_ID_JPEG = 0;
public static final int SIGNATURE_ID_PNG = 1;
public static final int SIGNATURE_ID_GIF = 2;
private static final int[][] SIGNATURES = new int[3][];

static {
    SIGNATURES[SIGNATURE_ID_JPEG] = SIGNATURE_JPEG;
    SIGNATURES[SIGNATURE_ID_PNG] = SIGNATURE_PNG;
    SIGNATURES[SIGNATURE_ID_GIF] = SIGNATURE_GIF;
}

现在我有了文件类型，即使文件的URI没有。接下来我得到mime类型的文件类型。如果你不知道要获取哪种mime类型，你可以在这个表中找到proper。

它适用于许多文件类型。但是对于视频，它不起作用，因为你需要知道视频编解码器来获得mime类型。为了获得视频的mime类型，我使用mediametadatareretrieve。

2015-03-13 13:11:29

其他回答

上面的MimeTypeMap解决方案在我的使用中返回null。这很有效，而且更简单:

Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
ContentResolver cR = context.getContentResolver();
String mime = cR.getType(uri);
2013-01-13 02:17:43

我尝试使用标准方法来确定mime类型，但我不能使用MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(uri.getPath())保留文件扩展名。这个方法返回一个空字符串。所以我做了一个重要的解决方案来保留文件扩展名。

下面是返回文件扩展名的方法:

private String getExtension(String fileName){
    char[] arrayOfFilename = fileName.toCharArray();
    for(int i = arrayOfFilename.length-1; i > 0; i--){
        if(arrayOfFilename[i] == '.'){
            return fileName.substring(i+1, fileName.length());
        }
    }
    return "";
}

并且保留了文件扩展名，可以获得如下所示的mime类型:

public String getMimeType(File file) {
    String mimeType = "";
    String extension = getExtension(file.getName());
    if (MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().hasExtension(extension)) {
        mimeType = MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(extension);
    }
    return mimeType;
}
2016-06-03 21:35:19

你有多种选择来获得文件扩展名: 字符串文件名= uri.getLastPathSegment();请看这个链接

2-你也可以使用这段代码

 filePath .substring(filePath.lastIndexOf(".")+1);

但这不是一个好方法。 3-如果你有文件的URI，那么使用这个代码

String[] projection = { MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA,
MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE };

4-如果你有URL，那么使用下面的代码:

 public static String getMimeType(String url) {
String type = null;
String extension = MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(url);
if (extension != null) { 


  type = MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(extension);
    }

return type;
}

享受你的代码:)

2015-08-25 05:15:17

有时Jeb和Jens的答案不工作并返回null。在这种情况下，我使用跟随解决方案。文件头通常包含类型签名。我阅读了它，并与已知的签名列表进行了比较。

/**
 *
 * @param is InputStream on start of file. Otherwise signature can not be defined.
 * @return int id of signature or -1, if unknown signature was found. See SIGNATURE_ID_(type) constants to
 *      identify signature by its id.
 * @throws IOException in cases of read errors.
 */
public static int getSignatureIdFromHeader(InputStream is) throws IOException {
    // read signature from head of source and compare with known signatures
    int signatureId = -1;
    int sigCount = SIGNATURES.length;
    int[] byteArray = new int[MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH];
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH; i++) {
        byteArray[i] = is.read();
        builder.append(Integer.toHexString(byteArray[i]));
    }
    if (DEBUG) {
        Log.d(TAG, "head bytes=" + builder.toString());
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH; i++) {

        // check each bytes with known signatures
        int bytes = byteArray[i];
        int lastSigId = -1;
        int coincidences = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < sigCount; j++) {
            int[] sig = SIGNATURES[j];

            if (DEBUG) {
                Log.d(TAG, "compare" + i + ": " + Integer.toHexString(bytes) + " with " + sig[i]);
            }
            if (bytes == sig[i]) {
                lastSigId = j;
                coincidences++;
            }
        }

        // signature is unknown
        if (coincidences == 0) {
            break;
        }
        // if first bytes of signature is known we check signature for full coincidence
        if (coincidences == 1) {
            int[] sig = SIGNATURES[lastSigId];
            int sigLength = sig.length;
            boolean isSigKnown = true;
            for (; i < MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH && i < sigLength; i++) {
                bytes = byteArray[i];
                if (bytes != sig[i]) {
                    isSigKnown = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (isSigKnown) {
                signatureId = lastSigId;
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    return signatureId;
}

signatureId是签名数组中签名的索引。例如,

private static final int[] SIGNATURE_PNG = hexStringToIntArray("89504E470D0A1A0A");
private static final int[] SIGNATURE_JPEG = hexStringToIntArray("FFD8FF");
private static final int[] SIGNATURE_GIF = hexStringToIntArray("474946");

public static final int SIGNATURE_ID_JPEG = 0;
public static final int SIGNATURE_ID_PNG = 1;
public static final int SIGNATURE_ID_GIF = 2;
private static final int[][] SIGNATURES = new int[3][];

static {
    SIGNATURES[SIGNATURE_ID_JPEG] = SIGNATURE_JPEG;
    SIGNATURES[SIGNATURE_ID_PNG] = SIGNATURE_PNG;
    SIGNATURES[SIGNATURE_ID_GIF] = SIGNATURE_GIF;
}

现在我有了文件类型，即使文件的URI没有。接下来我得到mime类型的文件类型。如果你不知道要获取哪种mime类型，你可以在这个表中找到proper。

它适用于许多文件类型。但是对于视频，它不起作用，因为你需要知道视频编解码器来获得mime类型。为了获得视频的mime类型，我使用mediametadatareretrieve。

2015-03-13 13:11:29

检测任何文件的mime类型

public String getMimeType(Uri uri) {           
    String mimeType = null;
    if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(uri.getScheme())) {
        ContentResolver cr = getAppContext().getContentResolver();
        mimeType = cr.getType(uri);
    } else {
        String fileExtension = MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(uri
                .toString());
        mimeType = MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(
                fileExtension.toLowerCase());
    }
    return mimeType;
}
2015-07-29 05:23:38

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