我试着优化了SBF和Michael的代码，使其更紧凑。

我依赖于PowerShell的类型强制，它会自动将字符串转换为enum值，所以我没有定义查找字典。

我还取出了根据条件将新路径添加到列表中的块，这样工作只完成一次，并存储在变量中以供重用。

然后，根据$PathContainer参数，它会被永久地应用到Session中。

我们可以将代码块放在函数或ps1文件中，直接从命令提示符调用。我选择了DevEnvAddPath.ps1。

param(
    [Parameter(Position=0,Mandatory=$true)][String]$PathChange,

    [ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
    [Parameter(Position=1,Mandatory=$false)][String]$PathContainer='Session',
    [Parameter(Position=2,Mandatory=$false)][Boolean]$PathPrepend=$false
)

[String]$ConstructedEnvPath = switch ($PathContainer) { "Session"{${env:Path};} default{[Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType);} };
$PathPersisted = $ConstructedEnvPath -split ';';

if ($PathPersisted -notcontains $PathChange) {
    $PathPersisted = $(switch ($PathPrepend) { $true{,$PathChange + $PathPersisted;} default{$PathPersisted + $PathChange;} }) | Where-Object { $_ };

    $ConstructedEnvPath = $PathPersisted -join ";";
}

if ($PathContainer -ne 'Session') 
{
    # Save permanently to Machine, User
    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $ConstructedEnvPath, $PathContainer);
}

# Update the current session
${env:Path} = $ConstructedEnvPath;

我对DevEnvRemovePath.ps1做了类似的事情。

param(
    [Parameter(Position=0,Mandatory=$true)][String]$PathChange,

    [ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
    [Parameter(Position=1,Mandatory=$false)][String]$PathContainer='Session'
)

[String]$ConstructedEnvPath = switch ($PathContainer) { "Session"{${env:Path};} default{[Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType);} };
$PathPersisted = $ConstructedEnvPath -split ';';

if ($PathPersisted -contains $PathChange) {
    $PathPersisted = $PathPersisted | Where-Object { $_ -ne $PathChange };

    $ConstructedEnvPath = $PathPersisted -join ";";
}

if ($PathContainer -ne 'Session') 
{
    # Save permanently to Machine, User
    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $ConstructedEnvPath, $PathContainer);
}

# Update the current session
${env:Path} = $ConstructedEnvPath;

到目前为止，它们似乎是有效的。

你也可以用以下方法永久地修改用户/系统环境变量(即在shell重新启动时保持不变):

修改系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("Path", $env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

修改用户环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("INCLUDE", $env:INCLUDE, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)

使用注释-添加到系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(
    "Path",
    [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine) + ";C:\bin",
    [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

如果你不想写类型，基于字符串的解决方案也是可能的

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $env:Path + ";C:\bin", "Machine")

只有将值推入注册表的答案才会影响永久更改(因此这个线程上的大多数答案，包括已接受的答案，不会永久影响Path)。

下面的函数适用于Path / PSModulePath和User / System类型。默认情况下，它还会将新路径添加到当前会话。

function AddTo-Path {
    param ( 
        [string]$PathToAdd,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('System','User')][string]$UserType,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('Path','PSModulePath')][string]$PathType
    )

    # AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "PSModulePath" 'System' 
    if ($UserType -eq "System" ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' }
    if ($UserType -eq "User"   ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKCU:\Environment' } # also note: Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ format
    $PathOld = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType).$PathType
    "`n$UserType $PathType Before:`n$PathOld`n"
    $PathArray = $PathOld -Split ";" -replace "\\+$", ""
    if ($PathArray -notcontains $PathToAdd) {
        "$UserType $PathType Now:"   # ; sleep -Milliseconds 100   # Might need pause to prevent text being after Path output(!)
        $PathNew = "$PathOld;$PathToAdd"
        Set-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType -Value $PathNew
        Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType | select -ExpandProperty $PathType
        if ($PathType -eq "Path") { $env:Path += ";$PathToAdd" }                  # Add to Path also for this current session
        if ($PathType -eq "PSModulePath") { $env:PSModulePath += ";$PathToAdd" }  # Add to PSModulePath also for this current session
        "`n$PathToAdd has been added to the $UserType $PathType"
    }
    else {
        "'$PathToAdd' is already in the $UserType $PathType. Nothing to do."
    }
}

# Add "C:\XXX" to User Path (but only if not already present)
AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "User" "Path"

# Just show the current status by putting an empty path
AddTo-Path "" "User" "Path"

这些脚本是幂等的(可以运行多次)。 它们更新Windows路径和当前/未来的Powershell会话:

永久添加路径

    $targetDir="c:\bin"
    $oldPath = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine")
    $oldPathArray=($oldPath) -split ';'
    if(-Not($oldPathArray -Contains "$targetDir")) {
        write-host "Adding $targetDir to Machine Path"
        $newPath = "$oldPath;$targetDir" -replace ';+', ';'
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$newPath,"Machine")
        $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User"),[System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") -join ";"
    }
    write-host "Windows paths:"
    ($env:Path).Replace(';',"`n")

永久删除路径

    $targetDir="c:\bin"
    $oldPath = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine")
    $oldPathArray=($oldPath) -split ';'
    if($oldPathArray -Contains "$targetDir") {
        write-host "Removing $targetDir from Machine path"
        $newPathArray = $oldPathArray | Where-Object { $_ –ne "$targetDir" }
        $newPath = $newPathArray -join ";"
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$newPath,"Machine")
        $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User"),[System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") -join ";"
    }
    write-host "Windows paths:"
    ($env:Path).Replace(';',"`n")

就像JeanT的回答一样，我想要一个关于添加路径的抽象。与JeanT的回答不同，我需要它在没有用户交互的情况下运行。我寻找的其他行为:

更新$env:Path，使更改在当前会话中生效 为以后的会话持久化环境变量更改 当相同的路径已经存在时，不添加重复的路径

如果有用的话，这里是:

function Add-EnvPath {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string] $Path,

        [ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
        [string] $Container = 'Session'
    )

    if ($Container -ne 'Session') {
        $containerMapping = @{
            Machine = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine
            User = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
        }
        $containerType = $containerMapping[$Container]

        $persistedPaths = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType) -split ';'
        if ($persistedPaths -notcontains $Path) {
            $persistedPaths = $persistedPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
            [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
        }
    }

    $envPaths = $env:Path -split ';'
    if ($envPaths -notcontains $Path) {
        $envPaths = $envPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
        $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
    }
}

检查我的要点对应的Remove-EnvPath函数。

大多数答案都没有涉及UAC。这涵盖了UAC问题。

首先通过http://chocolatey.org/安装PowerShell Community Extensions: choco install pscx(您可能需要重新启动shell环境)。

然后启用pscx

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser #allows scripts to run from the interwebs, such as pcsx

然后使用Invoke-Elevated

Invoke-Elevated {Add-PathVariable $args[0] -Target Machine} -ArgumentList $MY_NEW_DIR