如何使用PHP获取客户端IP地址?
我想通过他/她的IP地址登录到我的网站的用户的记录。
如何使用PHP获取客户端IP地址?
我想通过他/她的IP地址登录到我的网站的用户的记录。
当前回答
我最喜欢的解决方案是Zend Framework 2使用的方式。它还考虑$_SERVER属性HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR, HTTP_CLIENT_IP, REMOTE_ADDR,但是它声明了一个类来设置一些可信代理,并且它返回一个IP地址而不是一个数组。我认为这是最接近它的解决方案:
class RemoteAddress
{
/**
* Whether to use proxy addresses or not.
*
* As default this setting is disabled - IP address is mostly needed to increase
* security. HTTP_* are not reliable since can easily be spoofed. It can be enabled
* just for more flexibility, but if user uses proxy to connect to trusted services
* it's his/her own risk, only reliable field for IP address is $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'].
*
* @var bool
*/
protected $useProxy = false;
/**
* List of trusted proxy IP addresses
*
* @var array
*/
protected $trustedProxies = array();
/**
* HTTP header to introspect for proxies
*
* @var string
*/
protected $proxyHeader = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR';
// [...]
/**
* Returns client IP address.
*
* @return string IP address.
*/
public function getIpAddress()
{
$ip = $this->getIpAddressFromProxy();
if ($ip) {
return $ip;
}
// direct IP address
if (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}
return '';
}
/**
* Attempt to get the IP address for a proxied client
*
* @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-10#section-5.2
* @return false|string
*/
protected function getIpAddressFromProxy()
{
if (!$this->useProxy
|| (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) && !in_array($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $this->trustedProxies))
) {
return false;
}
$header = $this->proxyHeader;
if (!isset($_SERVER[$header]) || empty($_SERVER[$header])) {
return false;
}
// Extract IPs
$ips = explode(',', $_SERVER[$header]);
// trim, so we can compare against trusted proxies properly
$ips = array_map('trim', $ips);
// remove trusted proxy IPs
$ips = array_diff($ips, $this->trustedProxies);
// Any left?
if (empty($ips)) {
return false;
}
// Since we've removed any known, trusted proxy servers, the right-most
// address represents the first IP we do not know about -- i.e., we do
// not know if it is a proxy server, or a client. As such, we treat it
// as the originating IP.
// @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
$ip = array_pop($ips);
return $ip;
}
// [...]
}
在这里查看完整代码: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zendframework/zend-http/master/src/PhpEnvironment/RemoteAddress.php
其他回答
正如所有其他人所说,你可以使用$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];获取客户端IP地址。
另外,如果你需要一个用户的更多信息,你可以使用这个:
<?php
$ip = '0.0.0.0';
$ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
$clientDetails = json_decode(file_get_contents("http://ipinfo.io/$ip/json"));
echo "You're logged in from: <b>" . $clientDetails->country . "</b>";
?>
客户端更具体的信息放在$clientDetails中。 $clientDetails->PostalCode/hostname/region/loc…
我用的是ipinfo。IO来获取额外的信息。
这可以通过使用名为$_SERVER的GLOBAL变量来简单地完成。
$_SERVER是一个属性名为REMOTE_ADDR的数组。
就像这样分配它:
$userIp = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
或者直接使用它像echo $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; 或者echo ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
在PHP中,获取公共IP的最后一个选项应该始终是$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"],因为有太多的安全原因。
下面是获取客户端已验证的IP地址的变通方法。
public static function getPublicIP() : string
{
$realIP = "Invalid IP Address";
$activeHeaders = [];
$headers = [
"HTTP_CLIENT_IP",
"HTTP_PRAGMA",
"HTTP_XONNECTION",
"HTTP_CACHE_INFO",
"HTTP_XPROXY",
"HTTP_PROXY",
"HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION",
"HTTP_VIA",
"HTTP_X_COMING_FROM",
"HTTP_COMING_FROM",
"HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR",
"HTTP_X_FORWARDED",
"HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP",
"HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR",
"HTTP_FORWARDED",
"ZHTTP_CACHE_CONTROL",
"REMOTE_ADDR" #this should be the last option
];
#Find active headers
foreach ($headers as $key)
{
if (array_key_exists($key, $_SERVER))
{
$activeHeaders[$key] = $_SERVER[$key];
}
}
#Reemove remote address since we got more options to choose from
if(count($activeHeaders) > 1)
{
unset($activeHeaders["REMOTE_ADDR"]);
}
#Pick a random item now that we have a secure way.
$realIP = $activeHeaders[array_rand($activeHeaders)];
#Validate the public IP
if (filter_var($realIP, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV4))
{
return $realIP;
}
return $realIP;
}
正如您在这里看到的,$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]是IP的最后一个选项。在收到IP后,我们也验证IP,以确保质量和安全。
答案是使用$_SERVER变量。例如,$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]将返回客户端的IP地址。
下面的函数确定所有的可能性,并以逗号分隔的格式返回值(ip, ip等)。
它还有一个可选的验证功能(默认禁用的第一个参数),用于根据(私有范围和保留范围)验证IP地址。
<?php
echo GetClientIP(true);
function GetClientIP($validate = False) {
$ipkeys = array(
'REMOTE_ADDR',
'HTTP_CLIENT_IP',
'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR',
'HTTP_X_FORWARDED',
'HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR',
'HTTP_FORWARDED',
'HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'
);
/*
Now we check each key against $_SERVER if containing such value
*/
$ip = array();
foreach ($ipkeys as $keyword) {
if (isset($_SERVER[$keyword])) {
if ($validate) {
if (ValidatePublicIP($_SERVER[$keyword])) {
$ip[] = $_SERVER[$keyword];
}
}
else{
$ip[] = $_SERVER[$keyword];
}
}
}
$ip = ( empty($ip) ? 'Unknown' : implode(", ", $ip) );
return $ip;
}
function ValidatePublicIP($ip){
if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE | FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE)) {
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}