首先，如果抽象类包含一些具体的方法，我认为你应该这样做，考虑这个例子

 public abstract class A 

 {

    public boolean method 1
    {
        // concrete method which we have to test.

    }


 }


 class B extends class A

 {

      @override
      public boolean method 1
      {
        // override same method as above.

      }


 } 


  class Test_A 

  {

    private static B b;  // reference object of the class B

    @Before
    public void init()

      {

      b = new B ();    

      }

     @Test
     public void Test_method 1

       {

       b.method 1; // use some assertion statements.

       }

   }

编写一个Mock对象，并仅用于测试。它们通常是非常非常小的(继承自抽象类)，而不是更多。然后，在你的单元测试中，你可以调用你想测试的抽象方法。

您应该测试包含一些逻辑的抽象类，就像您拥有的所有其他类一样。

如果具体方法调用任何抽象方法，该策略将不起作用，您将希望分别测试每个子类的行为。否则，只要抽象类的具体方法与子类解耦，就可以像您所描述的那样扩展它并存根抽象方法。

one way is to write an abstract test case that corresponds to your abstract class, then write concrete test cases that subclass your abstract test case. do this for each concrete subclass of your original abstract class (i.e. your test case hierarchy mirrors your class hierarchy). see Test an interface in the junit recipies book: http://safari.informit.com/9781932394238/ch02lev1sec6. https://www.manning.com/books/junit-recipes or https://www.amazon.com/JUnit-Recipes-Practical-Methods-Programmer/dp/1932394230 if you don't have a safari account.

也可以在xUnit模式中看到Testcase超类:http://xunitpatterns.com/Testcase%20Superclass.html

遵循@patrick-desjardins的回答，我实现了抽象和它的实现类@Test，如下所示:

抽象类- ABC.java

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public abstract class ABC {

    abstract String sayHello();

    public List<String> getList() {
        final List<String> defaultList = new ArrayList<>();
        defaultList.add("abstract class");
        return defaultList;
    }
}

由于抽象类不能被实例化，但它们可以被子类化，具体类DEF.java如下:

public class DEF extends ABC {

    @Override
    public String sayHello() {
        return "Hello!";
    }
}

测试类来测试抽象方法和非抽象方法:

import org.junit.Before;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.empty;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.contains;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;

import org.junit.Test;

public class DEFTest {

    private DEF def;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        def = new DEF();
    }

    @Test
    public void add(){
        String result = def.sayHello();
        assertThat(result, is(equalTo("Hello!")));
    }

    @Test
    public void getList(){
        List<String> result = def.getList();
        assertThat((Collection<String>) result, is(not(empty())));
        assertThat(result, contains("abstract class"));
    }
}

为了专门对抽象类进行单元测试，您应该出于测试目的派生它，test base.method()的结果和继承时预期的行为。

你通过调用一个方法来测试它，所以通过实现一个抽象类来测试它……