for循环中的++i和i++有区别吗?这仅仅是语法问题吗?
当前回答
关于++i和i++,不仅仅是循环和性能差异。++i返回一个l值,i++返回一个r值。基于此,可以对(++i)执行许多操作,但不能对(i++)执行许多操作。
1- It is illegal to take the address of post increment result. Compiler won't even allow you.
2- Only constant references to post increment can exist, i.e., of the form const T&.
3- You cannot apply another post increment or decrement to the result of i++, i.e., there is no such thing as I++++. This would be parsed as ( i ++ ) ++ which is illegal.
4- When overloading pre-/post-increment and decrement operators, programmers are encouraged to define post- increment/decrement operators like:
T& operator ++ ( )
{
// logical increment
return *this;
}
const T operator ++ ( int )
{
T temp( *this );
++*this;
return temp;
}
其他回答
如果在循环中不使用增量之后的值,则没有区别。
for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i){
cout<<i;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
cout<<i;
}
这两个循环都输出0123。
但是当你在循环中使用自增/自减后的值时,区别就来了:
预增量循环:
for (int i = 0,k=0; i < 4; k=++i){
cout<<i<<" ";
cout<<k<<" ";
}
输出: 0 0 1 2 - 2 3个3
增量后循环:
for (int i = 0, k=0; i < 4; k=i++){
cout<<i<<" ";
cout<<k<<" ";
}
输出: 0 0 1 0 2 1 3 - 2
我希望通过比较输出可以清楚地看出差异。这里需要注意的是,递增/递减总是在for循环的末尾执行,因此结果可以解释。
对于用户定义类型的i,这些操作符可以(但不应该)在循环索引上下文中具有有意义的不同语义,这可能(但不应该)影响所描述的循环的行为。
此外,在c++中,使用预增量形式(++i)通常是最安全的,因为它更容易优化。(斯科特·朗廷(Scott Langham)先我一步找到了这个花边新闻。诅咒你,斯科特)
是的,有。区别在于返回值。"++i"的返回值将是加i之后的值。"i++"的返回值将是加i之前的值。这意味着代码看起来像下面这样:
int a = 0;
int b = ++a; // a is incremented and the result after incrementing is saved to b.
int c = a++; // a is incremented again and the result before incremening is saved to c.
因此,a等于2,b和c都等于1。
我可以像这样重写代码:
int a = 0;
// ++a;
a = a + 1; // incrementing first.
b = a; // setting second.
// a++;
c = a; // setting first.
a = a + 1; // incrementing second.
问题是:
for循环中的++i和i++有区别吗?
答案是:不。
为什么每个答案都必须详细解释前增量和后增量,而这个问题甚至都没有问过?
这样的循环:
for (int i = 0; // Initialization
i < 5; // Condition
i++) // Increment
{
Output(i);
}
在不使用循环的情况下转换为下面的代码:
int i = 0; // Initialization
loopStart:
if (i < 5) // Condition
{
Output(i);
i++ or ++i; // Increment
goto loopStart;
}
现在你把i++还是++i作为增量有关系吗?不,它不会,因为增量操作的返回值是不重要的。i将在for循环体内的代码执行之后递增。
正如这段代码所示(请参阅注释中拆解的MSIL), c# 3编译器在for循环中不区分i++和++i。如果取i++或++i的值,肯定会有区别(这是在visual Studio 2008 / Release Build中编译的):
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace PreOrPostIncrement
{
class Program
{
static int SomethingToIncrement;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
PreIncrement(1000);
PostIncrement(1000);
Console.WriteLine("SomethingToIncrement={0}", SomethingToIncrement);
}
static void PreIncrement(int count)
{
/*
.method private hidebysig static void PreIncrement(int32 count) cil managed
{
// Code size 25 (0x19)
.maxstack 2
.locals init ([0] int32 i)
IL_0000: ldc.i4.0
IL_0001: stloc.0
IL_0002: br.s IL_0014
IL_0004: ldsfld int32 PreOrPostIncrement.Program::SomethingToIncrement
IL_0009: ldc.i4.1
IL_000a: add
IL_000b: stsfld int32 PreOrPostIncrement.Program::SomethingToIncrement
IL_0010: ldloc.0
IL_0011: ldc.i4.1
IL_0012: add
IL_0013: stloc.0
IL_0014: ldloc.0
IL_0015: ldarg.0
IL_0016: blt.s IL_0004
IL_0018: ret
} // end of method Program::PreIncrement
*/
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
{
++SomethingToIncrement;
}
}
static void PostIncrement(int count)
{
/*
.method private hidebysig static void PostIncrement(int32 count) cil managed
{
// Code size 25 (0x19)
.maxstack 2
.locals init ([0] int32 i)
IL_0000: ldc.i4.0
IL_0001: stloc.0
IL_0002: br.s IL_0014
IL_0004: ldsfld int32 PreOrPostIncrement.Program::SomethingToIncrement
IL_0009: ldc.i4.1
IL_000a: add
IL_000b: stsfld int32 PreOrPostIncrement.Program::SomethingToIncrement
IL_0010: ldloc.0
IL_0011: ldc.i4.1
IL_0012: add
IL_0013: stloc.0
IL_0014: ldloc.0
IL_0015: ldarg.0
IL_0016: blt.s IL_0004
IL_0018: ret
} // end of method Program::PostIncrement
*/
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
SomethingToIncrement++;
}
}
}
}