from mechanize import Browser
br = Browser()
br.open('http://somewebpage')
html = br.response().readlines()
for line in html:
print line
当在HTML文件中打印一行时，我试图找到一种方法，只显示每个HTML元素的内容，而不是格式本身。如果它发现'<a href="等等。例如">some text</a>'，它只会打印'some text'， '<b>hello</b>'打印'hello'，等等。该怎么做呢?
当前回答
这个方法对我来说完美无缺，不需要额外的安装:
import re
import htmlentitydefs
def convertentity(m):
if m.group(1)=='#':
try:
return unichr(int(m.group(2)))
except ValueError:
return '&#%s;' % m.group(2)
try:
return htmlentitydefs.entitydefs[m.group(2)]
except KeyError:
return '&%s;' % m.group(2)
def converthtml(s):
return re.sub(r'&(#?)(.+?);',convertentity,s)
html = converthtml(html)
html.replace(" ", " ") ## Get rid of the remnants of certain formatting(subscript,superscript,etc).
其他回答
2020年更新
使用Mozilla Bleach库，它确实允许您自定义保留哪些标记和保留哪些属性，并且还可以根据值过滤属性
这里有两个例子来说明
1)不允许任何HTML标签或属性
获取原始文本样本
raw_text = """
<p><img width="696" height="392" src="https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-768x432.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image" alt="Ethereum Classic 51% Attack: Okex Crypto Exchange Suffers $5.6 Million Loss, Contemplates Delisting ETC" style="float:left; margin:0 15px 15px 0;" srcset="https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-768x432.jpg 768w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-300x169.jpg 300w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-696x392.jpg 696w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-1068x601.jpg 1068w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-747x420.jpg 747w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-190x107.jpg 190w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-380x214.jpg 380w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-760x428.jpg 760w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px" />Cryptocurrency exchange Okex reveals it suffered the $5.6 million loss as a result of the double-spend carried out by the attacker(s) in Ethereum Classic 51% attack. Okex says it fully absorbed the loss as per its user-protection policy while insisting that the attack did not cause any loss to the platform’s users. Also as part […]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://news.bitcoin.com/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc/">Ethereum Classic 51% Attack: Okex Crypto Exchange Suffers $5.6 Million Loss, Contemplates Delisting ETC</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://news.bitcoin.com">Bitcoin News</a>.</p>
"""
2)从原始文本中删除所有HTML标签和属性
# DO NOT ALLOW any tags or any attributes
from bleach.sanitizer import Cleaner
cleaner = Cleaner(tags=[], attributes={}, styles=[], protocols=[], strip=True, strip_comments=True, filters=None)
print(cleaner.clean(raw_text))
输出
Cryptocurrency exchange Okex reveals it suffered the $5.6 million loss as a result of the double-spend carried out by the attacker(s) in Ethereum Classic 51% attack. Okex says it fully absorbed the loss as per its user-protection policy while insisting that the attack did not cause any loss to the platform’s users. Also as part […]
The post Ethereum Classic 51% Attack: Okex Crypto Exchange Suffers $5.6 Million Loss, Contemplates Delisting ETC appeared first on Bitcoin News.
3只允许带有srcset属性的img标签
from bleach.sanitizer import Cleaner
# ALLOW ONLY img tags with src attribute
cleaner = Cleaner(tags=['img'], attributes={'img': ['srcset']}, styles=[], protocols=[], strip=True, strip_comments=True, filters=None)
print(cleaner.clean(raw_text))
输出
<img srcset="https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-768x432.jpg 768w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-300x169.jpg 300w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-696x392.jpg 696w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-1068x601.jpg 1068w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-747x420.jpg 747w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-190x107.jpg 190w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-380x214.jpg 380w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-760x428.jpg 760w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc.jpg 1280w">Cryptocurrency exchange Okex reveals it suffered the $5.6 million loss as a result of the double-spend carried out by the attacker(s) in Ethereum Classic 51% attack. Okex says it fully absorbed the loss as per its user-protection policy while insisting that the attack did not cause any loss to the platform’s users. Also as part […]
The post Ethereum Classic 51% Attack: Okex Crypto Exchange Suffers $5.6 Million Loss, Contemplates Delisting ETC appeared first on Bitcoin News.
基于lxml.html的解决方案(lxml是一个原生库，比纯python解决方案性能更好)。
要安装lxml模块，使用pip install lxml
移除所有标签
from lxml import html
## from file-like object or URL
tree = html.parse(file_like_object_or_url)
## from string
tree = html.fromstring('safe <script>unsafe</script> safe')
print(tree.text_content().strip())
### OUTPUT: 'safe unsafe safe'
删除预消毒HTML的所有标签(删除一些标签)
from lxml import html
from lxml.html.clean import clean_html
tree = html.fromstring("""<script>dangerous</script><span class="item-summary">
Detailed answers to any questions you might have
</span>""")
## text only
print(clean_html(tree).text_content().strip())
### OUTPUT: 'Detailed answers to any questions you might have'
还请参阅http://lxml.de/lxmlhtml.html#cleaning-up-html了解lxml. xml的具体内容。清洁。
如果你需要更多的控制哪些特定的标签应该在转换为文本之前删除，然后创建一个自定义的lxml Cleaner与所需的选项，例如:
cleaner = Cleaner(page_structure=True,
meta=True,
embedded=True,
links=True,
style=True,
processing_instructions=True,
inline_style=True,
scripts=True,
javascript=True,
comments=True,
frames=True,
forms=True,
annoying_tags=True,
remove_unknown_tags=True,
safe_attrs_only=True,
safe_attrs=frozenset(['src','color', 'href', 'title', 'class', 'name', 'id']),
remove_tags=('span', 'font', 'div')
)
sanitized_html = cleaner.clean_html(unsafe_html)
要自定义如何生成纯文本，您可以使用lxml.etree.tostring而不是text_content():
from lxml.etree import tostring
print(tostring(tree, method='text', encoding=str))
我总是使用这个函数来剥离HTML标签，因为它只需要Python标准库:
对于Python 3:
from io import StringIO
from html.parser import HTMLParser
class MLStripper(HTMLParser):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.reset()
self.strict = False
self.convert_charrefs= True
self.text = StringIO()
def handle_data(self, d):
self.text.write(d)
def get_data(self):
return self.text.getvalue()
def strip_tags(html):
s = MLStripper()
s.feed(html)
return s.get_data()
对于Python 2:
from HTMLParser import HTMLParser
from StringIO import StringIO
class MLStripper(HTMLParser):
def __init__(self):
self.reset()
self.text = StringIO()
def handle_data(self, d):
self.text.write(d)
def get_data(self):
return self.text.getvalue()
def strip_tags(html):
s = MLStripper()
s.feed(html)
return s.get_data()
这是我对python 3的解决方案。
import html
import re
def html_to_txt(html_text):
## unescape html
txt = html.unescape(html_text)
tags = re.findall("<[^>]+>",txt)
print("found tags: ")
print(tags)
for tag in tags:
txt=txt.replace(tag,'')
return txt
不确定它是否完美，但解决了我的用例，看起来很简单。
您可以使用不同的HTML解析器(如lxml或Beautiful Soup)——它提供只提取文本的函数。或者，您可以在行字符串上运行一个regex来删除标记。请参阅Python文档了解更多信息。
