您可以使用列表推导式和其中的正则表达式检查器来简化它，包括带有指定后缀的图像文件。

import re
import os

dir_name = "."
files = [os.path.join(dir_name, f) for f in os.listdir(dir_name) if re.match(r'.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)', f)]

glob()绝对是实现它的方式(根据Ignacio)。然而，如果你确实需要更复杂的匹配，你可以用一个列表理解和re.match()来做，就像这样:

files = [f for f in os.listdir('.') if re.match(r'[0-9]+.*\.jpg', f)]

更灵活了，但正如你所说，效率降低了。

使用操作系统。遍历递归列出您的文件

import os
root = "/home"
pattern = "145992"
alist_filter = ['jpg','bmp','png','gif'] 
path=os.path.join(root,"mydir_to_scan")
for r,d,f in os.walk(path):
    for file in f:
        if file[-3:] in alist_filter and pattern in file:
            print os.path.join(root,file)

另一个选择:

>>> import os, fnmatch
>>> fnmatch.filter(os.listdir('.'), '*.py')
['manage.py']

https://docs.python.org/3/library/fnmatch.html

您可以使用Python标准库3.4及以上版本中提供的pathlib。

from pathlib import Path

files = [f for f in Path.cwd().iterdir() if f.match("145592*.jpg")]

初步的代码

import glob
import fnmatch
import pathlib
import os

pattern = '*.py'
path = '.'

解决方案1 -使用“glob”

# lookup in current dir
glob.glob(pattern)

In [2]: glob.glob(pattern)
Out[2]: ['wsgi.py', 'manage.py', 'tasks.py']

解决方案 2 - 使用“os” + “fnmatch”

变体2.1 -查找当前目录

# lookup in current dir
fnmatch.filter(os.listdir(path), pattern)

In [3]: fnmatch.filter(os.listdir(path), pattern)
Out[3]: ['wsgi.py', 'manage.py', 'tasks.py']

变体2.2 -查找递归

# lookup recursive
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(path):

    if not filenames:
        continue

    pythonic_files = fnmatch.filter(filenames, pattern)
    if pythonic_files:
        for file in pythonic_files:
            print('{}/{}'.format(dirpath, file))

结果

./wsgi.py
./manage.py
./tasks.py
./temp/temp.py
./apps/diaries/urls.py
./apps/diaries/signals.py
./apps/diaries/actions.py
./apps/diaries/querysets.py
./apps/library/tests/test_forms.py
./apps/library/migrations/0001_initial.py
./apps/polls/views.py
./apps/polls/formsets.py
./apps/polls/reports.py
./apps/polls/admin.py

解决方案3 -使用“pathlib”

# lookup in current dir
path_ = pathlib.Path('.')
tuple(path_.glob(pattern))

# lookup recursive
tuple(path_.rglob(pattern))

注:

在Python 3.4上测试 模块“pathlib”只在Python 3.4中添加 Python 3.5使用glob.glob添加了递归查找的特性 https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/glob.html glob.glob。由于我的机器安装了Python 3.4，所以我还没有对此进行测试。