如果目标是帮助您跟踪变量，您可以编写一个简单的函数来标记变量并返回其值和类型。例如，假设i_f=3.01，并将其舍入为一个名为i_n的整数以用于代码，然后需要一个字符串i_s用于报告。

def whatis(string, x):
    print(string+' value=',repr(x),type(x))
    return string+' value='+repr(x)+repr(type(x))
i_f=3.01
i_n=int(i_f)
i_s=str(i_n)
i_l=[i_f, i_n, i_s]
i_u=(i_f, i_n, i_s)

## make report that identifies all types
report='\n'+20*'#'+'\nThis is the report:\n'
report+= whatis('i_f ',i_f)+'\n'
report+=whatis('i_n ',i_n)+'\n'
report+=whatis('i_s ',i_s)+'\n'
report+=whatis('i_l ',i_l)+'\n'
report+=whatis('i_u ',i_u)+'\n'
print(report)

这将在每次调用时打印到窗口中用于调试，并为书面报告生成一个字符串。唯一的缺点是每次调用函数时都必须输入两次变量。

I am a Python newbie and found this very useful way to log my efforts as I program and try to cope with all the objects in Python. One flaw is that whatis() fails if it calls a function described outside the procedure where it is used. For example, int(i_f) was a valid function call only because the int function is known to Python. You could call whatis() using int(i_f**2), but if for some strange reason you choose to define a function called int_squared it must be declared inside the procedure where whatis() is used.

Python中唯一具有规范名称的对象是模块、函数和类，当然，在定义了函数或类或导入了模块之后，不能保证这个规范名称在任何命名空间中都有任何意义。这些名称还可以在创建对象后修改，因此它们可能并不总是特别值得信赖。

如果不递归遍历命名对象的树，就不可能实现你想做的事情;名称是对对象的单向引用。普通或普通的Python对象不包含对其名称的引用。想象一下，如果每个整数、每个字典、每个列表、每个布尔值都需要维护一个表示引用它的名称的字符串列表!这将是实现的噩梦，对程序员没有什么好处。

>>> def varname(v, scope=None):
        d = globals() if not scope else vars(scope); return [k for k in d if d[k] == v]
...
>>> d1 = {'a': 'ape'}; d2 = {'b': 'bear'}; d3 = {'c': 'cat'}
>>> ld = [d1, d2, d3]
>>> [varname(d) for d in ld]
[['d1'], ['d2'], ['d3']]
>>> d5 = d3
>>> [varname(d) for d in ld]
[['d1'], ['d2'], ['d3', 'd5']]
>>> def varname(v, scope=None):
        d = globals() if not scope else vars(scope); return [k for k in d if d[k] is v]
...
>>> [varname(d) for d in ld]
[['d1'], ['d2'], ['d3', 'd5']]

正如您在这里看到和注意到的，可以有多个具有相同值甚至地址的变量，因此使用包装器将名称与数据保存在一起是最好的。

如果目标是帮助您跟踪变量，您可以编写一个简单的函数来标记变量并返回其值和类型。例如，假设i_f=3.01，并将其舍入为一个名为i_n的整数以用于代码，然后需要一个字符串i_s用于报告。

def whatis(string, x):
    print(string+' value=',repr(x),type(x))
    return string+' value='+repr(x)+repr(type(x))
i_f=3.01
i_n=int(i_f)
i_s=str(i_n)
i_l=[i_f, i_n, i_s]
i_u=(i_f, i_n, i_s)

## make report that identifies all types
report='\n'+20*'#'+'\nThis is the report:\n'
report+= whatis('i_f ',i_f)+'\n'
report+=whatis('i_n ',i_n)+'\n'
report+=whatis('i_s ',i_s)+'\n'
report+=whatis('i_l ',i_l)+'\n'
report+=whatis('i_u ',i_u)+'\n'
print(report)

这将在每次调用时打印到窗口中用于调试，并为书面报告生成一个字符串。唯一的缺点是每次调用函数时都必须输入两次变量。

I am a Python newbie and found this very useful way to log my efforts as I program and try to cope with all the objects in Python. One flaw is that whatis() fails if it calls a function described outside the procedure where it is used. For example, int(i_f) was a valid function call only because the int function is known to Python. You could call whatis() using int(i_f**2), but if for some strange reason you choose to define a function called int_squared it must be declared inside the procedure where whatis() is used.

在python3中，该函数将获取堆栈中最外层的名称:

import inspect


def retrieve_name(var):
        """
        Gets the name of var. Does it from the out most frame inner-wards.
        :param var: variable to get name from.
        :return: string
        """
        for fi in reversed(inspect.stack()):
            names = [var_name for var_name, var_val in fi.frame.f_locals.items() if var_val is var]
            if len(names) > 0:
                return names[0]

它在代码的任何地方都有用。遍历反向堆栈，寻找第一个匹配项。

我认为在Python中很难做到这一点，因为一个简单的事实是，你永远不会不知道你正在使用的变量的名称。所以，在他的例子中，你可以这样做:

而不是:

list_of_dicts = [n_jobs, users, queues, priorities]

dict_of_dicts = {"n_jobs" : n_jobs, "users" : users, "queues" : queues, "priorities" : priorities}