HTML5 Canvas没有显式设置单个像素的方法。
可以使用非常短的行设置像素，但反字符和行大写可能会干扰。
另一种方法可能是创建一个小的ImageData对象，并使用:
context.putImageData(data, x, y)
把它放在合适的位置。
有人能描述一种高效可靠的方法吗?
当前回答
快捷方便
下面的类实现了本文中描述的快速方法，并包含了所有您需要的:readPixel, putPixel，获取宽度/高度。类在调用refresh()方法后更新画布。算例求解二维波动方程的简单情形
class Screen{ constructor(canvasSelector) { this.canvas = document.querySelector(canvasSelector); this.width = this.canvas.width; this.height = this.canvas.height; this.ctx = this.canvas.getContext('2d'); this.imageData = this.ctx.getImageData(0, 0, this.width, this.height); this.buf = new ArrayBuffer(this.imageData.data.length); this.buf8 = new Uint8ClampedArray(this.buf); this.data = new Uint32Array(this.buf); } // r,g,b,a - red, gren, blue, alpha components in range 0-255 putPixel(x,y,r,g,b,a=255) { this.data[y * this.width + x] = (a<<24) | (b<<16) | (g<<8) | r; } readPixel(x,y) { let p= this.data[y * this.width + x] return [p&0xff, p>>8&0xff, p>>16&0xff, p>>>24]; } refresh() { this.imageData.data.set(this.buf8); this.ctx.putImageData(this.imageData, 0, 0); } } // -------- // TEST // -------- let s= new Screen('#canvas'); // initialise function draw() { for (var y = 1; y < s.height-1; ++y) { for (var x = 1; x < s.width-1; ++x) { let a = [[1,0],[-1,0],[0,1],[0,-1]].reduce((a,[xp,yp])=> a+= s.readPixel(x+xp,y+yp)[0] // read pixel ,0); let v= a/1.99446-tmp[x][y]; tmp[x][y]=v<0 ? 0:v; } } for (var y = 1; y < s.height-1; ++y) { for (var x = 1; x < s.width-1; ++x) { let v=tmp[x][y]; tmp[x][y]= s.readPixel(x,y)[0]; // read pixel s.putPixel(x,y, v,0,0); // put pixel } } s.refresh(); window.requestAnimationFrame(draw) } // temporary 2d buffer ()for solving wave equation) let tmp = [...Array(s.width)].map(x => Array(s.height).fill(0)); function move(e) { s.putPixel(e.x-10, e.y-10, 255,255,255);} draw(); <canvas id="canvas" height="150" width="512" onmousemove="move(event)"></canvas> <div>Move mouse on black square</div>
其他回答
快速HTML演示代码: 基于我对SFML c++图形库的了解:
将其保存为UTF-8编码的HTML文件并运行。 可以随意重构，我只是喜欢用日文变量，因为 它们简洁明了，不占太多空间
你很少会想要设置一个任意像素和显示 它在屏幕上。所以使用
PutPix(x,y, r,g,b,a)
方法将大量任意像素绘制到后缓冲区。(便宜的调用)
当准备好展示的时候，打电话给
Apply()
方法显示更改。(昂贵的)
完整的。html文件代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE HTML >
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title> back-buffer demo </title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
<script>
//Main function to execute once
//all script is loaded:
function main(){
//Create a canvas:
var canvas;
canvas = attachCanvasToDom();
//Do the pixel setting test:
var test_type = FAST_TEST;
backBufferTest(canvas, test_type);
}
//Constants:
var SLOW_TEST = 1;
var FAST_TEST = 2;
function attachCanvasToDom(){
//Canvas Creation:
//cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc//
//Create Canvas and append to body:
var can = document.createElement('canvas');
document.body.appendChild(can);
//Make canvas non-zero in size,
//so we can see it:
can.width = 800;
can.height= 600;
//Get the context, fill canvas to get visual:
var ctx = can.getContext("2d");
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0, 0, 200, 0.5)";
ctx.fillRect(0,0,can.width-1, can.height-1);
//cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc//
//Return the canvas that was created:
return can;
}
//THIS OBJECT IS SLOOOOOWW!
// 筆 == "pen"
//T筆 == "Type:Pen"
function T筆(canvas){
//Publicly Exposed Functions
//PEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPE//
this.PutPix = _putPix;
//PEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPE//
if(!canvas){
throw("[NilCanvasGivenToPenConstruct]");
}
var _ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
//Pixel Setting Test:
// only do this once per page
//絵 =="image"
//資 =="data"
//絵資=="image data"
//筆 =="pen"
var _絵資 = _ctx.createImageData(1,1);
// only do this once per page
var _筆 = _絵資.data;
function _putPix(x,y, r,g,b,a){
_筆[0] = r;
_筆[1] = g;
_筆[2] = b;
_筆[3] = a;
_ctx.putImageData( _絵資, x, y );
}
}
//Back-buffer object, for fast pixel setting:
//尻 =="butt,rear" using to mean "back-buffer"
//T尻=="type: back-buffer"
function T尻(canvas){
//Publicly Exposed Functions
//PEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPE//
this.PutPix = _putPix;
this.Apply = _apply;
//PEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPE//
if(!canvas){
throw("[NilCanvasGivenToPenConstruct]");
}
var _can = canvas;
var _ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
//Pixel Setting Test:
// only do this once per page
//絵 =="image"
//資 =="data"
//絵資=="image data"
//筆 =="pen"
var _w = _can.width;
var _h = _can.height;
var _絵資 = _ctx.createImageData(_w,_h);
// only do this once per page
var _筆 = _絵資.data;
function _putPix(x,y, r,g,b,a){
//Convert XY to index:
var dex = ( (y*4) *_w) + (x*4);
_筆[dex+0] = r;
_筆[dex+1] = g;
_筆[dex+2] = b;
_筆[dex+3] = a;
}
function _apply(){
_ctx.putImageData( _絵資, 0,0 );
}
}
function backBufferTest(canvas_input, test_type){
var can = canvas_input; //shorthand var.
if(test_type==SLOW_TEST){
var t筆 = new T筆( can );
//Iterate over entire canvas,
//and set pixels:
var x0 = 0;
var x1 = can.width - 1;
var y0 = 0;
var y1 = can.height -1;
for(var x = x0; x <= x1; x++){
for(var y = y0; y <= y1; y++){
t筆.PutPix(
x,y,
x%256, y%256,(x+y)%256, 255
);
}}//next X/Y
}else
if(test_type==FAST_TEST){
var t尻 = new T尻( can );
//Iterate over entire canvas,
//and set pixels:
var x0 = 0;
var x1 = can.width - 1;
var y0 = 0;
var y1 = can.height -1;
for(var x = x0; x <= x1; x++){
for(var y = y0; y <= y1; y++){
t尻.PutPix(
x,y,
x%256, y%256,(x+y)%256, 255
);
}}//next X/Y
//When done setting arbitrary pixels,
//use the apply method to show them
//on screen:
t尻.Apply();
}
}
main();
</script>
</html>
我没有考虑过fillRect()，但答案促使我对putImage()进行基准测试。
在(旧的)MacBook Pro上使用Chrome 9.0.597.84在随机位置放置100,000个随机颜色的像素，使用putImage()只需不到100毫秒，但使用fillRect()需要近900毫秒。(基准代码在http://pastebin.com/4ijVKJcC)。
如果我在循环之外选择一种颜色，并在随机位置绘制该颜色，putImage()需要59ms而fillRect()需要102ms。
在rgb(…)语法中生成和解析CSS颜色规范的开销似乎是造成大部分差异的原因。
另一方面，将原始RGB值直接放入ImageData块中不需要字符串处理或解析。
如果你担心速度，那么你也可以考虑WebGL。
纯粹出于诊断目的，我使用这个简单的函数。
请注意。如果不使用整数坐标，得到的图像是模糊的。
setPixel (context, 100, 100, 'blue');
function setPixel (ctx, x, y, c) {
// integer coordinates are required.
ctx.save ();
ctx.fillStyle = c;
ctx.fillRect (x, y, 1, 1);
ctx.restore ();
}
有两个最好的竞争者:
创建一个1×1图像数据，设置颜色，putImageData在位置: var id = myContext.createImageData(1,1);//每页只做一次 Var d = id.data;//每页只做一次 D [0] = r; D [1] = g; D [2] = b; D [3] = a; myContext。putImageData(id, x, y); 使用fillRect()绘制一个像素(应该没有混叠问题): ctx。fillStyle = " rgba(“+ r +”、“+ g +”、“+ b + +(一个/ 255)+)”; ctx。fillRect(x, y, 1,1);
你可以在这里测试它们的速度:http://jsperf.com/setting-canvas-pixel/9或https://www.measurethat.net/Benchmarks/Show/1664/1
我建议针对您关心的浏览器进行测试，以获得最大速度。截至2017年7月，fillRect()在Firefox v54和Chrome v59 (Win7x64)上快了5-6倍。
其他更愚蠢的选择有:
using getImageData()/putImageData() on the entire canvas; this is about 100× slower than other options. creating a custom image using a data url and using drawImage() to show it: var img = new Image; img.src = "data:image/png;base64," + myPNGEncoder(r,g,b,a); // Writing the PNGEncoder is left as an exercise for the reader creating another img or canvas filled with all the pixels you want and use drawImage() to blit just the pixel you want across. This would probably be very fast, but has the limitation that you need to pre-calculate the pixels you need.
注意，我的测试没有尝试保存和恢复画布上下文fillStyle;这将降低fillRect()的性能。还要注意，我并没有从头开始，也没有为每个测试测试完全相同的像素集。
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