我需要编写一个T-SQL存储过程来更新表中的一行。如果该行不存在,则插入它。所有这些步骤都由一个事务包装。

这是一个预订系统,所以它必须是原子和可靠的。如果事务已提交且机票已预订,则必须返回true。

我确定如何使用@@rowcount。这就是我到目前为止所写的。我走的路对吗?

-- BEGIN TRANSACTION (HOW TO DO?)
    
UPDATE Bookings
 SET TicketsBooked = TicketsBooked + @TicketsToBook
 WHERE FlightId = @Id AND TicketsMax < (TicketsBooked + @TicketsToBook)

-- Here I need to insert only if the row doesn't exists.
-- If the row exists but the condition TicketsMax is violated, I must not insert 
-- the row and return FALSE

IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 
BEGIN

 INSERT INTO Bookings ... (omitted)
               
END

-- END TRANSACTION (HOW TO DO?)

-- Return TRUE (How to do?)

我假设每个航班都有一排座位?如果是这样:

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Bookings WHERE FLightID = @Id)
BEGIN
    --UPDATE HERE
END
ELSE
BEGIN
   -- INSERT HERE
END

我认为我说的,因为你的做事方式可能会超额预订航班,因为当最多有10张票而你预订了20张票时,它会插入一个新的行。


这是我最近不得不做的事情:

set ANSI_NULLS ON
set QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[cjso_UpdateCustomerLogin]
    (
      @CustomerID AS INT,
      @UserName AS VARCHAR(25),
      @Password AS BINARY(16)
    )
AS 
    BEGIN
        IF ISNULL((SELECT CustomerID FROM tblOnline_CustomerAccount WHERE CustomerID = @CustomerID), 0) = 0
        BEGIN
            INSERT INTO [tblOnline_CustomerAccount] (
                [CustomerID],
                [UserName],
                [Password],
                [LastLogin]
            ) VALUES ( 
                /* CustomerID - int */ @CustomerID,
                /* UserName - varchar(25) */ @UserName,
                /* Password - binary(16) */ @Password,
                /* LastLogin - datetime */ NULL ) 
        END
        ELSE
        BEGIN
            UPDATE  [tblOnline_CustomerAccount]
            SET     UserName = @UserName,
                    Password = @Password
            WHERE   CustomerID = @CustomerID    
        END

    END

你可以使用合并功能来实现。否则你可以:

declare @rowCount int

select @rowCount=@@RowCount

if @rowCount=0
begin
--insert....

看一下MERGE命令。你可以在一条语句中执行UPDATE, INSERT和DELETE操作。

下面是一个使用MERGE的工作实现 -在更新之前检查航班是否已满,否则执行插入操作。

if exists(select 1 from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES T 
              where T.TABLE_NAME = 'Bookings') 
begin
    drop table Bookings
end
GO

create table Bookings(
  FlightID    int identity(1, 1) primary key,
  TicketsMax    int not null,
  TicketsBooked int not null
)
GO

insert  Bookings(TicketsMax, TicketsBooked) select 1, 0
insert  Bookings(TicketsMax, TicketsBooked) select 2, 2
insert  Bookings(TicketsMax, TicketsBooked) select 3, 1
GO

select * from Bookings

然后……

declare @FlightID int = 1
declare @TicketsToBook int = 2

--; This should add a new record
merge Bookings as T
using (select @FlightID as FlightID, @TicketsToBook as TicketsToBook) as S
    on  T.FlightID = S.FlightID
      and T.TicketsMax > (T.TicketsBooked + S.TicketsToBook)
  when matched then
    update set T.TicketsBooked = T.TicketsBooked + S.TicketsToBook
  when not matched then
    insert (TicketsMax, TicketsBooked) 
    values(S.TicketsToBook, S.TicketsToBook);

select * from Bookings

在测试行是否存在时,传递updlock、rowlock、holdlock提示。

begin tran /* default read committed isolation level is fine */

if not exists (select * from Table with (updlock, rowlock, holdlock) where ...)
    /* insert */
else
    /* update */

commit /* locks are released here */

updlock提示强制查询对已经存在的行使用更新锁,从而防止其他事务在提交或回滚之前修改它。

holdlock提示强制查询接受范围锁,防止其他事务添加匹配您的筛选条件的行,直到您提交或回滚。

rowlock提示将锁粒度强制到行级别,而不是默认的页级别,因此您的事务不会阻止试图更新同一页中不相关行的其他事务(但要注意减少争用和增加锁开销之间的权衡—您应该避免在单个事务中使用大量的行级别锁)。

更多信息请参见http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187373.aspx。

注意,锁是在执行执行锁的语句时被接受的——调用begin tran并不能让你免受另一个事务的影响,在你到达某个事物之前就对它进行锁定。您应该通过尽可能快地提交事务(晚获取,早释放)来尝试将SQL分解为尽可能短的锁持有时间。

请注意,如果PK是bigint,行级锁可能不太有效,因为SQL Server上的内部哈希对于64位值是退化的(不同的键值可能哈希到相同的锁id)。


我在写我的解。我的方法不支持“if”或“merge”。我的方法很简单。

INSERT INTO TableName (col1,col2)
SELECT @par1, @par2
   WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT col1,col2 FROM TableName
                     WHERE col1=@par1 AND col2=@par2)

例如:

INSERT INTO Members (username)
SELECT 'Cem'
   WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT username FROM Members
                     WHERE username='Cem')

解释:

(1) SELECT col1,col2 FROM TableName WHERE col1=@par1 AND col2=@par2 它从TableName搜索值中选择

(2)选择不存在的@par1, @par2 它接受(1)子查询中if不存在

(3)在TableName(2)中插入步骤值


完整解决方案如下(包括游标结构)。非常感谢卡修斯·波库斯开始翻译…提交上面发布的代码。

declare @mystat6 bigint
declare @mystat6p varchar(50)
declare @mystat6b bigint

DECLARE mycur1 CURSOR for

 select result1,picture,bittot from  all_Tempnogos2results11

 OPEN mycur1

 FETCH NEXT FROM mycur1 INTO @mystat6, @mystat6p , @mystat6b

 WHILE @@Fetch_Status = 0
 BEGIN

 begin tran /* default read committed isolation level is fine */

 if not exists (select * from all_Tempnogos2results11_uniq with (updlock, rowlock, holdlock)
                     where all_Tempnogos2results11_uniq.result1 = @mystat6 
                        and all_Tempnogos2results11_uniq.bittot = @mystat6b )
     insert all_Tempnogos2results11_uniq values (@mystat6 , @mystat6p , @mystat6b)

 --else
 --  /* update */

 commit /* locks are released here */

 FETCH NEXT FROM mycur1 INTO @mystat6 , @mystat6p , @mystat6b

 END

 CLOSE mycur1

 DEALLOCATE mycur1
 go

我最终能够插入一行,在它不存在的情况下,使用以下模型:

INSERT INTO table ( column1, column2, column3 )
(
    SELECT $column1, $column2, $column3
      WHERE NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT 1
          FROM table 
          WHERE column1 = $column1
          AND column2 = $column2
          AND column3 = $column3 
    )
)

我在:

http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/87hdow4ld1.fsf@stark.xeocode.com


INSERT INTO table ( column1, column2, column3 )
SELECT $column1, $column2, $column3
EXCEPT SELECT column1, column2, column3
FROM table

INSERT INTO [DatabaseName1].dbo.[TableName1] SELECT * FROM [DatabaseName2].dbo.[TableName2]
 WHERE [YourPK] not in (select [YourPK] from [DatabaseName1].dbo.[TableName1])

解决这个问题的最佳方法是首先使数据库列UNIQUE

添加唯一键

THEN INSERT IGNORE INTO table_name,如果结果是一个重复的键或已经存在于表中,则该值不会被插入。


简单的方法将数据从T1复制到T2,避免在T2中重复

--Insert a new record
INSERT INTO dbo.Table2(NoEtu, FirstName, LastName)
SELECT t1.NoEtuDos, t1.FName, t1.LName 
FROM dbo.Table1 as t1
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT (1) FROM dbo.Table2  AS t2
                    WHERE t1.FName = t2.FirstName
                        AND t1.LName = t2.LastName
                        AND t1.NoEtuDos = t2.NoEtu)