像Hibernate这样的框架需要大量的配置/映射，大量使用annotation。

看一看Hibernate注解

Java的注释有多种应用程序。首先，它们可能被编译器(或编译器扩展)使用。以Override注释为例:

class Foo {

    @Override public boolean equals(Object other) {
        return ...;
    }
}

它实际上内置于Java JDK中。如果某个方法被标记为错误，编译器将发出错误信号，该方法不会覆盖从基类继承的方法。这个注释可能有助于避免常见的错误，即你实际上打算覆盖一个方法，但由于方法中给出的签名与被覆盖方法的签名不匹配而失败:

class Foo {

    @Override public boolean equals(Foo other) {  // Compiler signals an error for this one
        return ...;
    }
}

从JDK7开始，任何类型都允许标注。这个特性现在可以用于编译器注释，比如NotNull，比如:

public void processSomething(@NotNull String text) {
    ...
}

这允许编译器警告你不适当/未检查的变量和空值的使用。

另一个更高级的注释应用程序涉及运行时的反射和注释处理。当您说注释是“基于XML的配置的替代品”时，这就是您所想到的(我认为)。例如，各种框架和JCP标准(持久性、依赖项注入等等)都使用这种注释处理，以便提供必要的元数据和配置信息。

它对于注释类非常有用，无论是在方法、类或字段级别，都是关于类的一些与类不太相关的东西。

您可以有自己的注释，用于将某些类标记为仅测试使用。它可能只是为了文档的目的，或者您可以在编译产品候选发行版时通过过滤它来强制执行它。

你可以使用注释来存储一些元数据，就像在插件框架中一样，例如插件的名称。

它只是另一种工具，它有很多用途。

它通过(a)编译器检查或(b)代码分析附加有关代码的其他信息

**

以下是内置注释::2类型

**

类型1)应用于java代码的注释:

@Override // gives error if signature is wrong while overriding.
Public boolean equals (Object Obj) 

@Deprecated // indicates the deprecated method
Public doSomething()....

@SuppressWarnings() // stops the warnings from printing while compiling.
SuppressWarnings({"unchecked","fallthrough"})

类型2)应用于其他注释的注释:

@Retention - Specifies how the marked annotation is stored—Whether in code only, compiled into the class, or available at run-time through reflection.

@Documented - Marks another annotation for inclusion in the documentation.

@Target - Marks another annotation to restrict what kind of java elements the annotation may be applied to

@Inherited - Marks another annotation to be inherited to subclasses of annotated class (by default annotations are not inherited to subclasses).

**

自定义注解::

** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_annotation#Custom_annotations

为了更好地理解，请尝试下面的链接:用例子详细说明

http://www.javabeat.net/2007/08/annotations-in-java-5-0/

注释是添加到Java源文件中的元数据(关于数据的数据)的一种形式。框架主要使用它们来简化客户端代码的集成。下面是我脑海中浮现的几个真实的例子:

JUnit 4 - you add the @Test annotation to each test method you want the JUnit runner to run. There are also additional annotations to do with setting up testing (like @Before and @BeforeClass). All these are processed by the JUnit runner, which runs the tests accordingly. You could say it's an replacement for XML configuration, but annotations are sometimes more powerful (they can use reflection, for example) and also they are closer to the code they are referencing to (the @Test annotation is right before the test method, so the purpose of that method is clear - serves as documentation as well). XML configuration on the other hand can be more complex and can include much more data than annotations can. Terracotta - uses both annotations and XML configuration files. For example, the @Root annotation tells the Terracotta runtime that the annotated field is a root and its memory should be shared between VM instances. The XML configuration file is used to configure the server and tell it which classes to instrument. Google Guice - an example would be the @Inject annotation, which when applied to a constructor makes the Guice runtime look for values for each parameter, based on the defined injectors. The @Inject annotation would be quite hard to replicate using XML configuration files, and its proximity to the constructor it references to is quite useful (imagine having to search to a huge XML file to find all the dependency injections you have set up).

希望我已经让您了解了在不同框架中如何使用注释。

它是基于XML的替代品吗 配置吗?

不完全如此，但是与代码结构紧密对应的配置(例如JPA映射或Spring中的依赖注入)通常可以用注释代替，这样通常就不那么冗长、烦人和痛苦了。几乎所有著名的框架都进行了这种转换，尽管旧的XML配置通常仍然是一种选项。