注释是添加到Java源文件中的元数据(关于数据的数据)的一种形式。框架主要使用它们来简化客户端代码的集成。下面是我脑海中浮现的几个真实的例子:

JUnit 4 - you add the @Test annotation to each test method you want the JUnit runner to run. There are also additional annotations to do with setting up testing (like @Before and @BeforeClass). All these are processed by the JUnit runner, which runs the tests accordingly. You could say it's an replacement for XML configuration, but annotations are sometimes more powerful (they can use reflection, for example) and also they are closer to the code they are referencing to (the @Test annotation is right before the test method, so the purpose of that method is clear - serves as documentation as well). XML configuration on the other hand can be more complex and can include much more data than annotations can. Terracotta - uses both annotations and XML configuration files. For example, the @Root annotation tells the Terracotta runtime that the annotated field is a root and its memory should be shared between VM instances. The XML configuration file is used to configure the server and tell it which classes to instrument. Google Guice - an example would be the @Inject annotation, which when applied to a constructor makes the Guice runtime look for values for each parameter, based on the defined injectors. The @Inject annotation would be quite hard to replicate using XML configuration files, and its proximity to the constructor it references to is quite useful (imagine having to search to a huge XML file to find all the dependency injections you have set up).

希望我已经让您了解了在不同框架中如何使用注释。

它是基于XML的替代品吗 配置吗?

不完全如此，但是与代码结构紧密对应的配置(例如JPA映射或Spring中的依赖注入)通常可以用注释代替，这样通常就不那么冗长、烦人和痛苦了。几乎所有著名的框架都进行了这种转换，尽管旧的XML配置通常仍然是一种选项。

注释可以在哪里使用

注释可以应用于声明:类、字段、方法和其他程序元素的声明。在声明上使用时，根据约定，每个注释通常出现在自己的行上。

Java SE 8 Update:注释也可以应用于类型的使用。下面是一些例子:

类实例创建表达式: @Interned MyObject(); 类型转换: myString =(@非空字符串)str; 实现条款: 类UnmodifiableList实现 @Readonly List<@Readonly T>{…｝ 抛出的异常声明: void monitorTemperature()抛出 @临界温度异常{…｝

JPA(来自Java EE 5)是(过度)使用注释的一个很好的例子。Java EE 6还将在很多新领域引入注释，比如RESTful webservices和每个老Servlet API下的新注释。

这里有一些资源:

Sun - Java持久性API Java EE 5教程- JPA 介绍Java EE 6平台(查看所有三个页面)。

注释不仅可以接管配置细节，而且还可以用来控制行为。您可以在Java EE 6的JAX-RS示例中看到这一点。

注释是添加到Java源文件中的元数据(关于数据的数据)的一种形式。框架主要使用它们来简化客户端代码的集成。下面是我脑海中浮现的几个真实的例子:

JUnit 4 - you add the @Test annotation to each test method you want the JUnit runner to run. There are also additional annotations to do with setting up testing (like @Before and @BeforeClass). All these are processed by the JUnit runner, which runs the tests accordingly. You could say it's an replacement for XML configuration, but annotations are sometimes more powerful (they can use reflection, for example) and also they are closer to the code they are referencing to (the @Test annotation is right before the test method, so the purpose of that method is clear - serves as documentation as well). XML configuration on the other hand can be more complex and can include much more data than annotations can. Terracotta - uses both annotations and XML configuration files. For example, the @Root annotation tells the Terracotta runtime that the annotated field is a root and its memory should be shared between VM instances. The XML configuration file is used to configure the server and tell it which classes to instrument. Google Guice - an example would be the @Inject annotation, which when applied to a constructor makes the Guice runtime look for values for each parameter, based on the defined injectors. The @Inject annotation would be quite hard to replicate using XML configuration files, and its proximity to the constructor it references to is quite useful (imagine having to search to a huge XML file to find all the dependency injections you have set up).

希望我已经让您了解了在不同框架中如何使用注释。

注释是元对象，可以用来描述其他元对象。元对象包括类、字段和方法。向一个对象请求它的元对象(例如anObj.getClass())被称为内省。内省可以更进一步，我们可以问元对象它的注释是什么(例如aClass.getAnnotations)。内省和注释属于所谓的反射和元编程。

注释需要以一种或另一种方式进行解释才能有用。注释可以在开发时由IDE或编译器解释，也可以在运行时由框架解释。

注释处理是一种非常强大的机制，可以以许多不同的方式使用:

描述一个元素的约束或用法:例如@Deprecated， @Override，或@NotNull 来描述一个元素的“性质”，例如@Entity， @TestCase， @WebService 来描述元素的行为:@Statefull， @Transaction 来描述如何处理元素:@Column， @XmlElement

在所有情况下，注释都用于描述元素并阐明其含义。

在JDK5之前，现在用注释表示的信息需要存储在其他地方，并且经常使用XML文件。但是使用注释更方便，因为它们属于Java代码本身，因此比XML更容易操作。

注释的使用:

文档，例如XDoclet 编译 IDE 测试框架，例如JUnit IoC容器，例如Spring 序列化，例如XML 面向方面编程(AOP)，例如Spring AOP 应用服务器，例如EJB容器、Web服务 对象-关系映射(ORM)，例如Hibernate、JPA 还有更多……

.．.比如Lombok项目，它使用注释来定义如何生成equals或hashCode方法。