假设我在Java 8中有以下功能接口:

interface Action<T, U> {
   U execute(T t);
}

在某些情况下,我需要一个没有参数或返回类型的操作。所以我写 就像这样:

Action<Void, Void> a = () -> { System.out.println("Do nothing!"); };

但是,它给了我编译错误,我需要把它写成

Action<Void, Void> a = (Void v) -> { System.out.println("Do nothing!"); return null;};

这很难看。是否有办法摆脱Void类型参数?


当前回答

仅供参考,在方法抛出和/或返回值的情况下,哪个函数接口可以用于方法引用。

void notReturnsNotThrows() {};
void notReturnsThrows() throws Exception {}
String returnsNotThrows() { return ""; }
String returnsThrows() throws Exception { return ""; }

{
    Runnable r1 = this::notReturnsNotThrows; //ok
    Runnable r2 = this::notReturnsThrows; //error
    Runnable r3 = this::returnsNotThrows; //ok
    Runnable r4 = this::returnsThrows; //error

    Callable c1 = this::notReturnsNotThrows; //error
    Callable c2 = this::notReturnsThrows; //error
    Callable c3 = this::returnsNotThrows; //ok
    Callable c4 = this::returnsThrows; //ok

}


interface VoidCallableExtendsCallable extends Callable<Void> {
    @Override
    Void call() throws Exception;
}

interface VoidCallable {
    void call() throws Exception;
}

{
    VoidCallableExtendsCallable vcec1 = this::notReturnsNotThrows; //error
    VoidCallableExtendsCallable vcec2 = this::notReturnsThrows; //error
    VoidCallableExtendsCallable vcec3 = this::returnsNotThrows; //error
    VoidCallableExtendsCallable vcec4 = this::returnsThrows; //error

    VoidCallable vc1 = this::notReturnsNotThrows; //ok
    VoidCallable vc2 = this::notReturnsThrows; //ok
    VoidCallable vc3 = this::returnsNotThrows; //ok
    VoidCallable vc4 = this::returnsThrows; //ok
}

其他回答

仅供参考,在方法抛出和/或返回值的情况下,哪个函数接口可以用于方法引用。

void notReturnsNotThrows() {};
void notReturnsThrows() throws Exception {}
String returnsNotThrows() { return ""; }
String returnsThrows() throws Exception { return ""; }

{
    Runnable r1 = this::notReturnsNotThrows; //ok
    Runnable r2 = this::notReturnsThrows; //error
    Runnable r3 = this::returnsNotThrows; //ok
    Runnable r4 = this::returnsThrows; //error

    Callable c1 = this::notReturnsNotThrows; //error
    Callable c2 = this::notReturnsThrows; //error
    Callable c3 = this::returnsNotThrows; //ok
    Callable c4 = this::returnsThrows; //ok

}


interface VoidCallableExtendsCallable extends Callable<Void> {
    @Override
    Void call() throws Exception;
}

interface VoidCallable {
    void call() throws Exception;
}

{
    VoidCallableExtendsCallable vcec1 = this::notReturnsNotThrows; //error
    VoidCallableExtendsCallable vcec2 = this::notReturnsThrows; //error
    VoidCallableExtendsCallable vcec3 = this::returnsNotThrows; //error
    VoidCallableExtendsCallable vcec4 = this::returnsThrows; //error

    VoidCallable vc1 = this::notReturnsNotThrows; //ok
    VoidCallable vc2 = this::notReturnsThrows; //ok
    VoidCallable vc3 = this::returnsNotThrows; //ok
    VoidCallable vc4 = this::returnsThrows; //ok
}

如果它不需要任何东西,但返回一些东西,则使用Supplier。

如果它获取一些东西,但不返回任何东西,则使用Consumer。

如果Callable返回一个结果并且可能抛出,则使用Callable(最类似于一般CS术语中的Thunk)。

如果Runnable既不做也不能抛出,则使用Runnable。

这是不可能的。具有非Void返回类型的函数(即使它是Void)必须返回一个值。然而,你可以添加静态方法的动作,让你“创建”一个动作:

interface Action<T, U> {
   U execute(T t);

   public static Action<Void, Void> create(Runnable r) {
       return (t) -> {r.run(); return null;};
   }

   public static <T, U> Action<T, U> create(Action<T, U> action) {
       return action;
   } 
}

这将允许您编写以下内容:

// create action from Runnable
Action.create(()-> System.out.println("Hello World")).execute(null);
// create normal action
System.out.println(Action.create((Integer i) -> "number: " + i).execute(100));

你所追求的语法是可以用一个小的帮助函数将一个Runnable转换为Action<Void, Void>(你可以把它放在Action中):

public static Action<Void, Void> action(Runnable runnable) {
    return (v) -> {
        runnable.run();
        return null;
    };
}

// Somewhere else in your code
 Action<Void, Void> action = action(() -> System.out.println("foo"));

你可以为这种特殊情况创建子接口:

interface Command extends Action<Void, Void> {
  default Void execute(Void v) {
    execute();
    return null;
  }
  void execute();
}

它使用默认方法覆盖继承的参数化方法Void execute(Void),将调用委托给更简单的方法Void execute()。

结果是,它使用起来更简单:

Command c = () -> System.out.println("Do nothing!");