结合并填写几个答案(特别是Ortwin Gentz，用户98013)和另一篇文章中的空白，这将适用于iPad上的SDK 4.3的纵向或横向模式:

@implementation UIView (FindFirstResponder)
- (UIResponder *)findFirstResponder
{
  if (self.isFirstResponder) {        
    return self;     
  }

  for (UIView *subView in self.subviews) {
    UIResponder *firstResponder = [subView findFirstResponder];
    if (firstResponder != nil) {
      return firstResponder;
    }
  }

  return nil;
}
@end

@implementation MyViewController

- (UIResponder *)currentFirstResponder {
  return [self.view findFirstResponder];
}

- (IBAction)editingEnded:sender {
  [sender resignFirstResponder];
}

- (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField {
  [textField resignFirstResponder];
  return NO;
}

- (void)textFieldDidBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField {
  UITableViewCell *cell = (UITableViewCell*) [[textField superview] superview];
  [_tableView scrollToRowAtIndexPath:[_tableView indexPathForCell:cell] atScrollPosition:UITableViewScrollPositionTop animated:YES];
}

- (void)keyboardWillShow:(NSNotification*)notification {
  if ([self currentFirstResponder] != nil) {
    NSDictionary* userInfo = [notification userInfo];

    // we don't use SDK constants here to be universally compatible with all SDKs ≥ 3.0
    NSValue* keyboardFrameValue = [userInfo objectForKey:@"UIKeyboardBoundsUserInfoKey"];
    if (!keyboardFrameValue) {
      keyboardFrameValue = [userInfo objectForKey:@"UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey"];
    }

    // Reduce the tableView height by the part of the keyboard that actually covers the tableView
    CGRect windowRect = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] keyWindow].bounds;
    CGRect viewRectAbsolute = [_tableView convertRect:_tableView.bounds toView:[[UIApplication sharedApplication] keyWindow]];
    CGRect frame = _tableView.frame;
    if (UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft == self.interfaceOrientation ||UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight == self.interfaceOrientation ) {
      windowRect = CGRectMake(windowRect.origin.y, windowRect.origin.x, windowRect.size.height, windowRect.size.width);
      viewRectAbsolute = CGRectMake(viewRectAbsolute.origin.y, viewRectAbsolute.origin.x, viewRectAbsolute.size.height, viewRectAbsolute.size.width);
    }
    frame.size.height -= [keyboardFrameValue CGRectValue].size.height - CGRectGetMaxY(windowRect) + CGRectGetMaxY(viewRectAbsolute);

    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];
    [UIView setAnimationDuration:[[userInfo objectForKey:UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey] doubleValue]];
    [UIView setAnimationCurve:[[userInfo objectForKey:UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey] intValue]];
    _tableView.frame = frame;
    [UIView commitAnimations];

    UITableViewCell *textFieldCell = (id)((UITextField *)self.currentFirstResponder).superview.superview;
    NSIndexPath *textFieldIndexPath = [_tableView indexPathForCell:textFieldCell];

    // iOS 3 sends hide and show notifications right after each other
    // when switching between textFields, so cancel -scrollToOldPosition requests
    [NSObject cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget:self];
    _topmostRowBeforeKeyboardWasShown = [[_tableView indexPathsForVisibleRows] objectAtIndex:0];
    [_tableView scrollToRowAtIndexPath:textFieldIndexPath atScrollPosition:UITableViewScrollPositionMiddle animated:YES];
  }
}

- (void) scrollToOldPosition {
  [_tableView scrollToRowAtIndexPath:_topmostRowBeforeKeyboardWasShown atScrollPosition:UITableViewScrollPositionTop animated:YES];
}

- (void)keyboardWillHide:(NSNotification*)notification {
  if ([self currentFirstResponder] != nil) {

    NSDictionary* userInfo = [notification userInfo];

    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];
    [UIView setAnimationDuration:[[userInfo objectForKey:UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey] doubleValue]];
    [UIView setAnimationCurve:[[userInfo objectForKey:UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey] intValue]];
    _tableView.frame = self.view.bounds;
    [UIView commitAnimations];

    [self performSelector:@selector(scrollToOldPosition) withObject:nil afterDelay:0.1];
  }
}   

@end

以下是我的解决方案，灵感来自iOS7日历应用程序的“事件编辑”屏幕。

该解决方案的关键之一是当用户滚动表格时键盘被取消。

实现:

1)添加属性，将存储选定的文本字段:

@property (strong) UITextField *currentTextField;

和BOOL变量，我们将使用它来检查当用户滚动表时是否需要隐藏键盘。

BOOL hideKeyboardOnScroll;

2)处理UITextField委托回调:

#pragma mark - UITextFieldDelegate

- (void) textFieldDidBeginEditing: (UITextField *) textField {
    self.currentTextField = textField;
}

- (void) textFieldDidEndEditing: (UITextField *) textField {
    self.currentTextField = nil;
}

- (BOOL) textFieldShouldReturn: (UITextField *) textField {
   [textField resignFirstResponder];

    CGPoint newContentOffset = CGPointZero;
    if (tableView.contentSize.height > tableView.frame.size.height) {
        newContentOffset.y = MIN(tableView.contentOffset.y, tableView.contentSize.height - tableView.frame.size.height);
    }
    [tableView setContentOffset: newContentOffset animated: YES];

    return YES;
}

3)处理UIScrollViewDelegate方法来检查用户滚动视图。

#pragma mark - UIScrollViewDelegate

- (void) scrollViewDidScroll: (UIScrollView *) scrollView {
    if (hideKeyboardOnScroll == YES) {
        [self.currentTextField resignFirstResponder];
    }
}

4)在视图控制器的[viewWillAppear]方法中订阅键盘通知，并在[viewWillDisappear]方法中取消订阅。

- (void) viewWillAppear: (BOOL) animated {
    [super viewWillAppear: animated];

    [ [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver: self selector: @selector(keyboardWillShow:)
                                                  name: UIKeyboardWillShowNotification object: nil];
    [ [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver: self selector: @selector(keyboardWillHide:)
                                                  name: UIKeyboardWillHideNotification object: nil];
}

- (void) viewWillDisappear: (BOOL) animated {
    [super viewWillDisappear: animated];

    [ [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver: self name: UIKeyboardDidShowNotification object: nil];
    [ [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver: self name: UIKeyboardWillHideNotification object: nil];    
}

5)处理键盘通知:

- (void) keyboardWillShow: (NSNotification *) notification {
    CGRect keyboardFrame = [ [ [notification userInfo] objectForKey: UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey] CGRectValue];

    // Find cell with textfield.
    CGRect textFieldFrame = [tableView convertRect: self.currentTextField.frame fromView: self.currentTextField];
    NSIndexPath *indexPath = [tableView indexPathForRowAtPoint: textFieldFrame.origin];
    UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath: indexPath];
    //

    // Shrink tableView size.
    CGRect tableViewFrame = tableView.frame;
    tableView.frame = CGRectMake(tableView.frame.origin.x, tableView.frame.origin.y, tableView.frame.size.width,
                             self.view.frame.size.height - tableView.frame.origin.y - keyboardFrame.size.height);
    //

    // Check if cell is visible in shrinked table size.
    BOOL cellIsFullyVisible = YES;
    if ( cell.frame.origin.y < tableView.contentOffset.y ||
        (cell.frame.origin.y + cell.frame.size.height) > (tableView.contentOffset.y + tableView.frame.size.height) ) {
        cellIsFullyVisible = NO;
    }
    //

    // If cell is not fully visible when scroll table to show cell;
    if (cellIsFullyVisible == NO) {
        CGPoint contentOffset = CGPointMake(tableView.contentOffset.x, CGRectGetMaxY(cell.frame) - tableView.frame.size.height);
        if (cell.frame.origin.y < tableView.contentOffset.y) {
            contentOffset.y = cell.frame.origin.y;
        }
        contentOffset.y = MAX(0, contentOffset.y);

        // For some reason [setContentOffset] is called without delay then
        // this code may not work for some cells. That why we call it with brief delay.
        dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(0.1 * NSEC_PER_SEC));
        dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){
            [UIView animateWithDuration: 0.5 animations:^{
                [tableView setContentOffset: contentOffset animated: NO];
            } completion: ^(BOOL finished) {
                hideKeyboardOnScroll = YES;
            }];
        });
    } else {
        hideKeyboardOnScroll = YES;
    }
    //

    // Finally restore original table frame.
    tableView.frame = tableViewFrame;
    //
}

- (void) keyboardWillHide: (NSNotification *) notification {
    [super keyboardWillHide: notification];

    hideKeyboardOnScroll = NO;
}

Swift 3-4动画和键盘帧改变的解决方案:

首先，创建Bool类型:

// MARK: - Private Properties
private var isKeyboardShowing = false

其次，在系统键盘通知中添加观察者:

// MARK: - Overriding ViewController Life Cycle Methods
override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
    super.viewWillAppear(animated)

    NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(keyboardWillShow), name: .UIKeyboardWillShow, object: nil)

    NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(keyboardWillHide), name: .UIKeyboardWillHide, object: nil)

    NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(keyboardWillChangeFrame), name: .UIKeyboardWillChangeFrame, object: nil)
}

第三，准备动画功能:

func adjustTableViewInsets(keyboardHeight: CGFloat, duration: NSNumber, curve: NSNumber){
    var extraHeight: CGFloat = 0
    if keyboardHeight > 0 {
        extraHeight = 20
        isKeyboardShowing = true
    } else {
        isKeyboardShowing = false
    }

    let contentInset = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0, left: 0, bottom: keyboardHeight + extraHeight, right: 0)
    func animateFunc() {
        //refresh constraints
        //self.view.layoutSubviews()
        tableView.contentInset = contentInset
    }

    UIView.animate(withDuration: TimeInterval(duration), delay: 0, options: [UIViewAnimationOptions(rawValue: UInt(curve))], animations: animateFunc, completion: nil)
}

然后添加target/action方法(由观察者调用):

// MARK: - Target/Selector Actions
func keyboardWillShow(notification: NSNotification) {
    if !isKeyboardShowing {
        if let keyboardSize = (notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.cgRectValue {
            let keyboardHeight = keyboardSize.height

            let duration = notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey] as! NSNumber
            let curve = notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey] as! NSNumber

            adjustTableViewInsets(keyboardHeight: keyboardHeight, duration: duration, curve: curve)
        }
    }
}

func keyboardWillHide(notification: NSNotification) {
    let duration = notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey] as! NSNumber
    let curve = notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey] as! NSNumber
    adjustTableViewInsets(keyboardHeight: 0, duration: duration, curve: curve)
}

func keyboardWillChangeFrame(notification: NSNotification) {
    if isKeyboardShowing {
        let duration = notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey] as! NSNumber
        let curve = notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey] as! NSNumber

        if let newKeyboardSize = (notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.cgRectValue {
            let keyboardHeight = newKeyboardSize.height
            adjustTableViewInsets(keyboardHeight: keyboardHeight, duration: duration, curve: curve)
        }
    }
}

最后，不要忘记在deinit或viewWillDisappear中删除观察者:

deinit {
    NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self)
}

Swift 4.2完整解决方案

我用一组协议创建了GIST，它简化了显示、隐藏或更改键盘时添加额外空间的工作。

特点:

正确使用键盘帧变化(例如，键盘高度变化，如emojii→普通键盘)。 标签栏和工具栏支持UITableView的例子(在其他例子你收到不正确的插入)。 动态动画持续时间(非硬编码)。 面向协议的方法，可以很容易地为您的目的进行修改。

使用

包含一些滚动视图(当然也支持表格视图)的视图控制器的基本用法示例。

class SomeViewController: UIViewController {
  @IBOutlet weak var scrollView: UIScrollView!

  override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
    super.viewWillAppear(animated)
    addKeyboardFrameChangesObserver()
  }

  override func viewWillDisappear(_ animated: Bool) {
    super.viewWillDisappear(animated)
    removeKeyboardFrameChangesObserver()
  }
}

extension SomeViewController: ModifableInsetsOnKeyboardFrameChanges {
  var scrollViewToModify: UIScrollView { return scrollView }
}

核心:帧改变观察者

协议KeyboardChangeFrameObserver将在每次键盘帧被改变时触发事件(包括显示，隐藏，帧改变)。

在viewWillAppear()或类似方法调用addKeyboardFrameChangesObserver()。 在viewWillDisappear()或类似的方法调用removeKeyboardFrameChangesObserver()。

实现:滚动视图

ModifableInsetsOnKeyboardFrameChanges协议将UIScrollView支持添加到核心协议。当键盘帧改变时，它改变滚动视图的嵌入。

你的类需要设置滚动视图，一个人的插入将增加/减少键盘帧的变化。

var scrollViewToModify: UIScrollView { get }

如果你使用Three20，那么使用autoresizesForKeyboard属性。只要在视图控制器的-initWithNibName:bundle方法中设置

self.autoresizesForKeyboard = YES

这涉及到:

监听键盘通知并调整表视图的框架 滚动到第一个响应器

搞定了。

看看我的版本:)

    - (void)keyboardWasShown:(NSNotification *)aNotification
{
    NSDictionary* info = [aNotification userInfo];
    CGSize kbSize = [[info objectForKey:UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey] CGRectValue].size;
    CGRect bkgndRect = cellSelected.superview.frame;
    bkgndRect.size.height += kbSize.height;
    [cellSelected.superview setFrame:bkgndRect];
    [tableView setContentOffset:CGPointMake(0.0, cellSelected.frame.origin.y-kbSize.height) animated:YES];
}


- (void)keyboardWasHidden:(NSNotification *)aNotification
{
    [tableView setContentOffset:CGPointMake(0.0, 0.0) animated:YES];
}