这是一个关于@Mock和@ injectmock如何工作的示例代码。

假设我们有Game和Player类。

class Game {

    private Player player;

    public Game(Player player) {
        this.player = player;
    }

    public String attack() {
        return "Player attack with: " + player.getWeapon();
    }

}

class Player {

    private String weapon;

    public Player(String weapon) {
        this.weapon = weapon;
    }

    String getWeapon() {
        return weapon;
    }
}

如你所见，Game类需要玩家执行攻击。

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
class GameTest {

    @Mock
    Player player;

    @InjectMocks
    Game game;

    @Test
    public void attackWithSwordTest() throws Exception {
        Mockito.when(player.getWeapon()).thenReturn("Sword");

        assertEquals("Player attack with: Sword", game.attack());
    }

}

Mockito将使用when and thenReturn方法模拟Player类及其行为。最后，使用@InjectMocks Mockito将该玩家放入游戏中。

注意，您甚至不需要创建一个新的Game对象。Mockito会给你注射的。

// you don't have to do this
Game game = new Game(player);

使用@Spy注释也会得到相同的行为。即使属性名不同。

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class GameTest {

  @Mock Player player;

  @Spy List<String> enemies = new ArrayList<>();

  @InjectMocks Game game;

  @Test public void attackWithSwordTest() throws Exception {
    Mockito.when(player.getWeapon()).thenReturn("Sword");

    enemies.add("Dragon");
    enemies.add("Orc");

    assertEquals(2, game.numberOfEnemies());

    assertEquals("Player attack with: Sword", game.attack());
  }
}

class Game {

  private Player player;

  private List<String> opponents;

  public Game(Player player, List<String> opponents) {
    this.player = player;
    this.opponents = opponents;
  }

  public int numberOfEnemies() {
    return opponents.size();
  }

  // ...

这是因为Mockito将检查Game类的Type Signature，即Player和List<String>。

@Mock用于创建和注入模拟实例，而无需调用Mockito。手动模拟。在本例中，实例是ClassB。

而@InjectMocks用于自动将模拟字段注入到测试对象中。在这种情况下，它将是a类

@Mock创建一个mock。@InjectMocks创建类的一个实例，并将使用@Mock(或@Spy)注释创建的模拟注入到该实例中。

注意，您必须使用@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)或Mockito.initMocks(this)来初始化这些模拟并注入它们(JUnit 4)。

在JUnit 5中，必须使用@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)。

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class) // JUnit 4
// @ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class) for JUnit 5
public class SomeManagerTest {

    @InjectMocks
    private SomeManager someManager;

    @Mock
    private SomeDependency someDependency; // this will be injected into someManager
 
     // tests...

}

使用@Tom提到的方法的一个好处是，您不必在SomeManager中创建任何构造函数，从而限制客户端实例化它。

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class SomeManagerTest {

    @InjectMocks
    private SomeManager someManager;

    @Mock
    private SomeDependency someDependency; // this will be injected into someManager

    //You don't need to instantiate the SomeManager with default contructor at all
   //SomeManager someManager = new SomeManager();    
   //Or SomeManager someManager = new SomeManager(someDependency);

     //tests...

}

这是否是一个好的实践取决于你的应用程序设计。

可以使用@InjectMocks注释自动将模拟字段注入到测试对象中。

在下面的例子中，@InjectMocks用于将模拟数据映射注入到数据库中。

@Mock
Map<String, String> dataMap ;

@InjectMocks
DataLibrary dataLibrary = new DataLibrary();


    @Test
    public void whenUseInjectMocksAnnotation_() {
        Mockito.when(dataMap .get("aData")).thenReturn("aMeaning");

        assertEquals("aMeaning", dataLibrary .getMeaning("aData"));
    }

虽然上面的答案已经涵盖了，但我只是试图添加我看到缺失的细节。它们背后的原因(为什么)。

说明:

Sample.java
---------------
    public class Sample{
        DependencyOne dependencyOne;
        DependencyTwo dependencyTwo;


        public SampleResponse methodOfSample(){
            dependencyOne.methodOne();
            dependencyTwo.methodTwo();

            ...

            return sampleResponse;
        }
    }

SampleTest.java
-----------------------
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({ClassA.class})
public class SampleTest{

    @InjectMocks
    Sample sample;

    @Mock
    DependencyOne dependencyOne;

    @Mock
    DependencyTwo dependencyTwo;

    @Before
    public void init() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    public void sampleMethod1_Test(){
        //Arrange the dependencies
        DependencyResponse dependencyOneResponse = Mock(sampleResponse.class);
        Mockito.doReturn(dependencyOneResponse).when(dependencyOne).methodOne();

        DependencyResponse dependencyTwoResponse = Mock(sampleResponse.class);
        Mockito.doReturn(dependencyOneResponse).when(dependencyTwo).methodTwo();

        //call the method to be tested
        SampleResponse sampleResponse = sample.methodOfSample() 

        //Assert
        <assert the SampleResponse here>
    }
}

参考