您可以使用Raymond Hettinger编写的OrderedDict食谱，并修改它以添加重命名方法，但这将是一个O(N)的复杂性:

def rename(self,key,new_key):
    ind = self._keys.index(key)  #get the index of old key, O(N) operation
    self._keys[ind] = new_key    #replace old key with new key in self._keys
    self[new_key] = self[key]    #add the new key, this is added at the end of self._keys
    self._keys.pop(-1)           #pop the last item in self._keys

例子:

dic = OrderedDict((("a",1),("b",2),("c",3)))
print dic
dic.rename("a","foo")
dic.rename("b","bar")
dic["d"] = 5
dic.rename("d","spam")
for k,v in  dic.items():
    print k,v

输出:

OrderedDict({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
foo 1
bar 2
c 3
spam 5

在我之前的一些人提到了.pop技巧，可以在一行程序中删除和创建一个键。

我个人认为更显式的实现更具可读性:

d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
v = d['b']
del d['b']
d['c'] = v

上面的代码返回{'a': 1， 'c': 2}

假设你想把键k3重命名为k4:

temp_dict = {'k1':'v1', 'k2':'v2', 'k3':'v3'}
temp_dict['k4']= temp_dict.pop('k3')

@helloswift123我喜欢你的功能。下面是在一次调用中重命名多个键的修改:

def rename(d, keymap):
    """
    :param d: old dict
    :type d: dict
    :param keymap: [{:keys from-keys :values to-keys} keymap]
    :returns: new dict
    :rtype: dict
    """
    new_dict = {}
    for key, value in zip(d.keys(), d.values()):
        new_key = keymap.get(key, key)
        new_dict[new_key] = d[key]
    return new_dict

使用newkey检查!=oldkey，这样你可以做:

if newkey!=oldkey:  
    dictionary[newkey] = dictionary[oldkey]
    del dictionary[oldkey]

我结合了上面帖子中的一些答案，并提出了下面的解决方案。虽然它很简单，但它可以用作从字典中进行更复杂的键更新的构建块。

test_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
print(test_dict)
# {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
prefix = 'up'
def dict_key_update(json_file):    
    new_keys = []
    old_keys = []
    for i,(key,value) in enumerate(json_file.items()):
        old_keys.append(key)
        new_keys.append(str(prefix) + key) # i have updated by adding a prefix to the 
        # key
    for old_key, new_key in zip(old_keys,new_keys):
        print('old {}, new {}'.format(old_key, new_key))
        if new_key!=old_key:  
           json_file[new_key] = json_file.pop(old_key)
     return json_file

test_dict = dict_key_update(test_dict)
print(test_dict)
# {'upa': 1, 'upb': 2, 'upc': 3}