避免在清理输入和转义数据时出错的最简单方法是使用Symfony、Nette等PHP框架或该框架的一部分(模板引擎、数据库层、ORM)。

像Twig或Latte这样的模板引擎默认有输出转义-如果你根据上下文(HTML或Javascript部分的网页)正确地转义了你的输出，你不必手动解决。

框架会自动清理输入，你不应该直接使用$_POST， $_GET或$_SESSION变量，而是通过路由，会话处理等机制。

对于数据库(模型)层，有像Doctrine这样的ORM框架或围绕PDO的包装器，如Nette database。

你可以在这里阅读更多关于它的内容-什么是软件框架?

有一个技巧可以帮助您在特定情况下使用/mypage?id=53，在WHERE子句中使用id是为了确保id确实是一个整数，如下所示:

if (isset($_GET['id'])) {
  $id = $_GET['id'];
  settype($id, 'integer');
  $result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = '$id'");
  # now use the result
}

但当然，这只排除了一个特定的攻击，所以阅读所有其他的答案。(是的，我知道上面的代码不是很好，但它显示了具体的防御。)

用PHP清除用户输入的方法:

Use Modern Versions of MySQL and PHP. Set charset explicitly: $mysqli->set_charset("utf8");manual $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb;charset=UTF8', $user, $password);manual $pdo->exec("set names utf8");manual $pdo = new PDO( "mysql:host=$host;dbname=$db", $user, $pass, array( PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => "SET NAMES utf8" ) );manual mysql_set_charset('utf8') [deprecated in PHP 5.5.0, removed in PHP 7.0.0]. Use secure charsets: Select utf8, latin1, ascii.., dont use vulnerable charsets big5, cp932, gb2312, gbk, sjis. Use spatialized function: MySQLi prepared statements: $stmt = $mysqli->prepare('SELECT * FROM test WHERE name = ? LIMIT 1'); $param = "' OR 1=1 /*";$stmt->bind_param('s', $param);$stmt->execute(); PDO::quote() - places quotes around the input string (if required) and escapes special characters within the input string, using a quoting style appropriate to the underlying driver:$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb;charset=UTF8', $user, $password);explicit set the character set$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES, false);disable emulating prepared statements to prevent fallback to emulating statements that MySQL can't prepare natively (to prevent injection)$var = $pdo->quote("' OR 1=1 /*");not only escapes the literal, but also quotes it (in single-quote ' characters) $stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT * FROM test WHERE name = $var LIMIT 1"); PDO Prepared Statements: vs MySQLi prepared statements supports more database drivers and named parameters: $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb;charset=UTF8', $user, $password);explicit set the character set$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES, false);disable emulating prepared statements to prevent fallback to emulating statements that MySQL can't prepare natively (to prevent injection) $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM test WHERE name = ? LIMIT 1'); $stmt->execute(["' OR 1=1 /*"]); mysql_real_escape_string [deprecated in PHP 5.5.0, removed in PHP 7.0.0]. mysqli_real_escape_string Escapes special characters in a string for use in an SQL statement, taking into account the current charset of the connection. But recommended to use Prepared Statements because they are not simply escaped strings, a statement comes up with a complete query execution plan, including which tables and indexes it would use, it is a optimized way. Use single quotes (' ') around your variables inside your query. Check the variable contains what you are expecting for: If you are expecting an integer, use: ctype_digit — Check for numeric character(s);$value = (int) $value;$value = intval($value);$var = filter_var('0755', FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, $options); For Strings use: is_string() — Find whether the type of a variable is stringUse Filter Function filter_var() — filters a variable with a specified filter:$email = filter_var($email, FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL);$newstr = filter_var($str, FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);more predefined filters filter_input() — Gets a specific external variable by name and optionally filters it:$search_html = filter_input(INPUT_GET, 'search', FILTER_SANITIZE_SPECIAL_CHARS); preg_match() — Perform a regular expression match; Write Your own validation function.

没有万能函数，因为有多个关注点需要解决。

SQL注入——如今，一般来说，每个PHP项目都应该通过PHP数据对象(PDO)使用准备好的语句作为最佳实践，以防止错误引用以及针对注入的全功能解决方案。这也是最灵活和安全的方式来访问您的数据库。

检查(唯一正确的)PDO教程几乎所有你需要知道的关于PDO。(衷心感谢顶级SO贡献者@YourCommonSense，为这个主题提供了很棒的资源。)

XSS -消毒数据的方式…

HTML Purifier has been around a long time and is still actively updated. You can use it to sanitize malicious input, while still allowing a generous & configurable whitelist of tags. Works great with many WYSIWYG editors, but it might be heavy for some use cases. In other instances, where we don't want to accept HTML/Javascript at all, I've found this simple function useful (and has passed multiple audits against XSS): /* Prevent XSS input */ function sanitizeXSS () { $_GET = filter_input_array(INPUT_GET, FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING); $_POST = filter_input_array(INPUT_POST, FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING); $_REQUEST = (array)$_POST + (array)$_GET + (array)$_REQUEST; }

XSS -在输出时消毒数据…除非你保证数据在添加到你的数据库之前被正确地消毒，否则你需要在显示给你的用户之前消毒它，我们可以利用这些有用的PHP函数:

当您调用echo或print来显示用户提供的值时，请使用htmlspecialchars，除非数据已经过适当的安全处理并允许显示HTML。 json_encode是一种从PHP向Javascript提供用户提供值的安全方法

您是否使用exec()或system()函数调用外部shell命令，或使用反勾运算符?如果是这样，除了SQL注入和XSS之外，您可能还需要解决一个额外的问题，即用户在您的服务器上运行恶意命令。如果您想转义整个命令或escapeshellarg来转义单个参数，则需要使用escapeshellcmd。

不。你不能在没有任何上下文的情况下过滤数据。有时你想把SQL查询作为输入，有时你想把HTML作为输入。

您需要筛选白名单上的输入——确保数据符合您所期望的某些规范。然后，您需要在使用它之前对它进行转义，这取决于您使用它的上下文。

为SQL转义数据(防止SQL注入)的过程与为(X)HTML转义数据(防止XSS)的过程非常不同。

只是想添加关于输出转义的主题，如果您使用php DOMDocument使您的html输出，它将在正确的上下文中自动转义。属性(value="")和<span>的内部文本不相等。 为了防止XSS，请阅读以下内容: OWASP跨站防御备忘单