从Python 2.7开始，你可以使用上下文管理器来获取实际抛出的Exception对象:

import unittest

def broken_function():
    raise Exception('This is broken')

class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test(self):
        with self.assertRaises(Exception) as context:
            broken_function()

        self.assertTrue('This is broken' in context.exception)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

断言

在Python 3.5中，必须对上下文进行包装。否则你会得到一个TypeError

self.assertTrue('This is broken' in str(context.exception))

我之前回答中的代码可以简化为:

def test_afunction_throws_exception(self):
    self.assertRaises(ExpectedException, afunction)

如果一个函数有参数，就像这样把它们传递给assertRaises:

def test_afunction_throws_exception(self):
    self.assertRaises(ExpectedException, afunction, arg1, arg2)

对于Django上的那些，你可以使用上下文管理器来运行错误的函数，并使用assertRaisesMessage断言它会引发带有特定消息的异常

with self.assertRaisesMessage(SomeException,'Some error message e.g 404 Not Found'):
    faulty_funtion()

这里有很多答案。该代码展示了如何创建Exception，如何在方法中使用该异常，以及如何在单元测试中验证所引发的正确异常。

import unittest

class DeviceException(Exception):
    def __init__(self, msg, code):
        self.msg = msg
        self.code = code
    def __str__(self):
        return repr("Error {}: {}".format(self.code, self.msg))

class MyDevice(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = 'DefaultName'

    def setParameter(self, param, value):
        if isinstance(value, str):
            setattr(self, param , value)
        else:
            raise DeviceException('Incorrect type of argument passed. Name expects a string', 100001)

    def getParameter(self, param):
        return getattr(self, param)

class TestMyDevice(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.dev1 = MyDevice()

    def tearDown(self):
        del self.dev1

    def test_name(self):
        """ Test for valid input for name parameter """

        self.dev1.setParameter('name', 'MyDevice')
        name = self.dev1.getParameter('name')
        self.assertEqual(name, 'MyDevice')

    def test_invalid_name(self):
        """ Test to check if error is raised if invalid type of input is provided """

        self.assertRaises(DeviceException, self.dev1.setParameter, 'name', 1234)

    def test_exception_message(self):
        """ Test to check if correct exception message and code is raised when incorrect value is passed """

        with self.assertRaises(DeviceException) as cm:
            self.dev1.setParameter('name', 1234)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.msg, 'Incorrect type of argument passed. Name expects a string', 'mismatch in expected error message')
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.code, 100001, 'mismatch in expected error code')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

使用unittest进行单元测试将是首选，但如果您想快速修复，我们可以捕获异常，将其赋值给一个变量，并查看该变量是否是该异常类的实例。

假设我们的坏函数抛出一个ValueError。

    try:
      bad_function()
    except ValueError as e:
      assert isinstance(e, ValueError)

如果在这个类中将stock_id设置为Integer将抛出错误，则将引发TypeError，如果发生这种情况，则测试将通过，否则将失败

def set_string(prop, value):
   if not isinstance(value, str):
      raise TypeError("i told you i take strings only ")
   return value

class BuyVolume(ndb.Model):
    stock_id = ndb.StringProperty(validator=set_string)

from pytest import raises
buy_volume_instance: BuyVolume = BuyVolume()
with raises(TypeError):
  buy_volume_instance.stock_id = 25