在Django中使用自定义字段扩展User模型

用自定义字段扩展User模型(与Django的身份验证应用程序绑定)的最佳方法是什么?我还可能想使用电子邮件作为用户名(用于身份验证)。

我已经看到了一些方法，但不能决定哪一个是最好的。

当前回答

你可以通过每次使用Django post save信号创建用户时创建一个新条目来扩展用户配置文件

models.py

from django.db.models.signals import *
from __future__ import unicode_literals

class UserProfile(models.Model):

    user_name = models.OneToOneField(User, related_name='profile')
    city = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True)

    def __unicode__(self):  # __str__
        return unicode(self.user_name)

def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    if created:
        userProfile.objects.create(user_name=instance)

post_save.connect(create_user_profile, sender=User)

这将在创建新用户时自动创建一个雇员实例。

如果你想扩展用户模型，并在创建用户时添加更多信息，你可以使用django-betterforms (http://django-betterforms.readthedocs.io/en/latest/multiform.html)。这将创建一个包含UserProfile模型中定义的所有字段的用户添加表单。

models.py

from django.db.models.signals import *
from __future__ import unicode_literals

class UserProfile(models.Model):

    user_name = models.OneToOneField(User)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=100)

    def __unicode__(self):  # __str__
        return unicode(self.user_name)

forms.py

from django import forms
from django.forms import ModelForm
from betterforms.multiform import MultiModelForm
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from .models import *

class ProfileForm(ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Employee
        exclude = ('user_name',)


class addUserMultiForm(MultiModelForm):
    form_classes = {
        'user':UserCreationForm,
        'profile':ProfileForm,
    }

views.py

from django.shortcuts import redirect
from .models import *
from .forms import *
from django.views.generic import CreateView

class AddUser(CreateView):
    form_class = AddUserMultiForm
    template_name = "add-user.html"
    success_url = '/your-url-after-user-created'

    def form_valid(self, form):
        user = form['user'].save()
        profile = form['profile'].save(commit=False)
        profile.user_name = User.objects.get(username= user.username)
        profile.save()
        return redirect(self.success_url)

addUser.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <form action="." method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            {{ form }}     
            <button type="submit">Add</button>
        </form>
     </body>
</html>

urls . py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from appName.views import *
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^add-user/$', AddUser.as_view(), name='add-user'),
]

2016-06-25 03:09:37

其他回答

关于存储用户的附加信息，有一个官方建议。 Django手册也在Profiles部分讨论了这个问题。

2008-09-04 16:35:39

目前在Django 2.2中，当开始一个新项目时，推荐的方法是创建一个自定义的用户模型，它继承自AbstractUser，然后将AUTH_USER_MODEL指向该模型。

来源:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/auth/customizing/ using-a-custom-user-model-when-starting-a-project

2019-11-18 19:18:46

这就是我所做的，在我看来这是最简单的方法。为您的新定制模型定义对象管理器，然后定义您的模型。

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import PermissionsMixin, AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager

class User_manager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, username, email, gender, nickname, password):
        email = self.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(username=username, email=email, gender=gender, nickname=nickname)
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self.db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, username, email, gender, password, nickname=None):
        user = self.create_user(username=username, email=email, gender=gender, nickname=nickname, password=password)
        user.is_superuser = True
        user.is_staff = True
        user.save()
        return user



  class User(PermissionsMixin, AbstractBaseUser):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, )
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
    gender_choices = [("M", "Male"), ("F", "Female"), ("O", "Others")]
    gender = models.CharField(choices=gender_choices, default="M", max_length=1)
    nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32, blank=True, null=True)

    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ["email", "gender"]
    USERNAME_FIELD = "username"
    objects = User_manager()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

不要忘记在你的settings.py中添加这行代码: