function toHHMMSS(seconds) {
    var h, m, s, result='';
    // HOURs
    h = Math.floor(seconds/3600);
    seconds -= h*3600;
    if(h){
        result = h<10 ? '0'+h+':' : h+':';
    }
    // MINUTEs
    m = Math.floor(seconds/60);
    seconds -= m*60;
    result += m<10 ? '0'+m+':' : m+':';
    // SECONDs
    s=seconds%60;
    result += s<10 ? '0'+s : s;
    return result;
}

例子

    toHHMMSS(111); 
    "01:51"

    toHHMMSS(4444);
    "01:14:04"

    toHHMMSS(33);
    "00:33"

毫秒到持续时间，简单的方法是:

// To have leading zero digits in strings.
function pad(num, size) {
    var s = num + "";
    while (s.length < size) s = "0" + s;
    return s;
}

// ms to time/duration
msToDuration = function(ms){
    var seconds = ms / 1000;
    var hh = Math.floor(seconds / 3600),
    mm = Math.floor(seconds / 60) % 60,
    ss = Math.floor(seconds) % 60,
    mss = ms % 1000;
    return pad(hh,2)+':'+pad(mm,2)+':'+pad(ss,2)+'.'+pad(mss,3);
}

它将327577转换为00:05:27.577。

更新

另一种不同场景的方法:

toHHMMSS = function (n) {
    var sep = ':',
        n = parseFloat(n),
        sss = parseInt((n % 1)*1000),
        hh = parseInt(n / 3600);
    n %= 3600;
    var mm = parseInt(n / 60),
        ss = parseInt(n % 60);
    return pad(hh,2)+sep+pad(mm,2)+sep+pad(ss,2)+'.'+pad(sss,3);
    function pad(num, size) {
        var str = num + "";
        while (str.length < size) str = "0" + str;
        return str;
    }
}

toHHMMSS(6315.077) // Return 01:45:15.077

主题的变奏。处理个位数秒的方式有点不同

seconds2time(0)  ->  "0s" 
seconds2time(59) -> "59s" 
seconds2time(60) -> "1:00" 
seconds2time(1000) -> "16:40" 
seconds2time(4000) -> "1:06:40"

function seconds2time (seconds) {
    var hours   = Math.floor(seconds / 3600);
    var minutes = Math.floor((seconds - (hours * 3600)) / 60);
    var seconds = seconds - (hours * 3600) - (minutes * 60);
    var time = "";

    if (hours != 0) {
      time = hours+":";
    }
    if (minutes != 0 || time !== "") {
      minutes = (minutes < 10 && time !== "") ? "0"+minutes : String(minutes);
      time += minutes+":";
    }
    if (time === "") {
      time = seconds+"s";
    }
    else {
      time += (seconds < 10) ? "0"+seconds : String(seconds);
    }
    return time;
}

以下是2019年更新的一句话:

//your date
var someDate = new Date("Wed Jun 26 2019 09:38:02 GMT+0100") 

var result = `${String(someDate.getHours()).padStart(2,"0")}:${String(someDate.getMinutes()).padStart(2,"0")}:${String(someDate.getSeconds()).padStart(2,"0")}`

//result will be "09:38:02"

我会给artem的答案投票，但我是一个新海报。我确实扩展了他的解决方案，虽然不是OP要求的如下

    t=(new Date()).toString().split(" ");
    timestring = (t[2]+t[1]+' <b>'+t[4]+'</b> '+t[6][1]+t[7][0]+t[8][0]);

得到

0410月16:31:28太平洋时间

这对我很有用……

但如果你从一个时间量开始，我会用两个函数;一个用于格式化和填充，一个用于计算:

function sec2hms(timect){

  if(timect=== undefined||timect==0||timect === null){return ''};
  //timect is seconds, NOT milliseconds
  var se=timect % 60; //the remainder after div by 60
  timect = Math.floor(timect/60);
  var mi=timect % 60; //the remainder after div by 60
  timect = Math.floor(timect/60);
  var hr = timect % 24; //the remainder after div by 24
  var dy = Math.floor(timect/24);
  return padify (se, mi, hr, dy);
}

function padify (se, mi, hr, dy){
  hr = hr<10?"0"+hr:hr;
  mi = mi<10?"0"+mi:mi;
  se = se<10?"0"+se:se;
  dy = dy>0?dy+"d ":"";
  return dy+hr+":"+mi+":"+se;
}

以下是@meiyang的优秀解决方案的一个变体，我最终使用了它:

    function duration(seconds) {
        return [
            format(seconds / 60 / 60),
            format(seconds / 60 % 60),
            format(seconds % 60)
        ].join(':');
    }

    format(n) {
        return (~~n).toString().padStart(2, '0')
    }

PS:同样值得注意的是，上面的一些其他解决方案只适用于< 24h的值