我一直在更新我的一些旧代码和答案与Swift 3，但当我得到Swift字符串和索引子字符串的事情变得令人困惑。
具体来说，我尝试了以下几点:
let str = "Hello, playground"
let prefixRange = str.startIndex..<str.startIndex.advancedBy(5)
let prefix = str.substringWithRange(prefixRange)
第二行给出了如下错误
String类型的值没有成员substringWithRange
我看到String现在确实有以下方法:
str.substring(to: String.Index)
str.substring(from: String.Index)
str.substring(with: Range<String.Index>)
这些一开始让我很困惑，所以我开始摆弄索引和范围。这是子字符串的后续问题和答案。我在下面添加了一个答案来说明它们是如何使用的。
当前回答
Swift 4和5:
extension String {
subscript(_ i: Int) -> String {
let idx1 = index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)
let idx2 = index(idx1, offsetBy: 1)
return String(self[idx1..<idx2])
}
subscript (r: Range<Int>) -> String {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound)
return String(self[start ..< end])
}
subscript (r: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> String {
let startIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)
let endIndex = self.index(startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound - r.lowerBound)
return String(self[startIndex...endIndex])
}
}
如何使用:
"abcde"[0] -> "a" “中的”[0…2]——>“abc” ”中的“[2 . .<4]——> "cd"
其他回答
斯威夫特5 let desiredIndex: Int = 7 let substring = str[字符串]。指数(encodedOffset: desiredIndex)…] 这个子字符串变量会给你结果。 这里Int被转换为Index，然后你可以拆分字符串。除非你会得到错误。
我对Swift的字符串访问模型感到非常沮丧:所有东西都必须是索引。我想要的只是使用Int访问字符串的第I个字符，而不是笨拙的索引和推进(这恰好随着每个主要版本的发布而改变)。所以我对String做了一个扩展:
extension String {
func index(from: Int) -> Index {
return self.index(startIndex, offsetBy: from)
}
func substring(from: Int) -> String {
let fromIndex = index(from: from)
return String(self[fromIndex...])
}
func substring(to: Int) -> String {
let toIndex = index(from: to)
return String(self[..<toIndex])
}
func substring(with r: Range<Int>) -> String {
let startIndex = index(from: r.lowerBound)
let endIndex = index(from: r.upperBound)
return String(self[startIndex..<endIndex])
}
}
let str = "Hello, playground"
print(str.substring(from: 7)) // playground
print(str.substring(to: 5)) // Hello
print(str.substring(with: 7..<11)) // play
我为此创建了一个简单的扩展(Swift 3)
extension String {
func substring(location: Int, length: Int) -> String? {
guard characters.count >= location + length else { return nil }
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: location)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: location + length)
return substring(with: start..<end)
}
}
斯威夫特 4+
extension String {
func take(_ n: Int) -> String {
guard n >= 0 else {
fatalError("n should never negative")
}
let index = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: min(n, self.count))
return String(self[..<index])
}
}
返回前n个字符的子序列，如果字符串较短，则返回整个字符串。(灵感来源:https://kotlinlang.org/api/latest/jvm/stdlib/kotlin.text/take.html)
例子:
let text = "Hello, World!"
let substring = text.take(5) //Hello
同样的挫折，这应该不难…
我编译了这个从较大文本中获取子字符串位置的示例:
//
// Play with finding substrings returning an array of the non-unique words and positions in text
//
//
import UIKit
let Bigstring = "Why is it so hard to find substrings in Swift3"
let searchStrs : Array<String>? = ["Why", "substrings", "Swift3"]
FindSubString(inputStr: Bigstring, subStrings: searchStrs)
func FindSubString(inputStr : String, subStrings: Array<String>?) -> Array<(String, Int, Int)> {
var resultArray : Array<(String, Int, Int)> = []
for i: Int in 0...(subStrings?.count)!-1 {
if inputStr.contains((subStrings?[i])!) {
let range: Range<String.Index> = inputStr.range(of: subStrings![i])!
let lPos = inputStr.distance(from: inputStr.startIndex, to: range.lowerBound)
let uPos = inputStr.distance(from: inputStr.startIndex, to: range.upperBound)
let element = ((subStrings?[i])! as String, lPos, uPos)
resultArray.append(element)
}
}
for words in resultArray {
print(words)
}
return resultArray
}
返回 ("Why" 0,3) ("substrings"， 26, 36) (“Swift3”，40,46)
