我一直在更新我的一些旧代码和答案与Swift 3，但当我得到Swift字符串和索引子字符串的事情变得令人困惑。
具体来说，我尝试了以下几点:
let str = "Hello, playground"
let prefixRange = str.startIndex..<str.startIndex.advancedBy(5)
let prefix = str.substringWithRange(prefixRange)
第二行给出了如下错误
String类型的值没有成员substringWithRange
我看到String现在确实有以下方法:
str.substring(to: String.Index)
str.substring(from: String.Index)
str.substring(with: Range<String.Index>)
这些一开始让我很困惑，所以我开始摆弄索引和范围。这是子字符串的后续问题和答案。我在下面添加了一个答案来说明它们是如何使用的。
当前回答
我为此创建了一个简单的扩展(Swift 3)
extension String {
func substring(location: Int, length: Int) -> String? {
guard characters.count >= location + length else { return nil }
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: location)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: location + length)
return substring(with: start..<end)
}
}
其他回答
同样的挫折，这应该不难…
我编译了这个从较大文本中获取子字符串位置的示例:
//
// Play with finding substrings returning an array of the non-unique words and positions in text
//
//
import UIKit
let Bigstring = "Why is it so hard to find substrings in Swift3"
let searchStrs : Array<String>? = ["Why", "substrings", "Swift3"]
FindSubString(inputStr: Bigstring, subStrings: searchStrs)
func FindSubString(inputStr : String, subStrings: Array<String>?) -> Array<(String, Int, Int)> {
var resultArray : Array<(String, Int, Int)> = []
for i: Int in 0...(subStrings?.count)!-1 {
if inputStr.contains((subStrings?[i])!) {
let range: Range<String.Index> = inputStr.range(of: subStrings![i])!
let lPos = inputStr.distance(from: inputStr.startIndex, to: range.lowerBound)
let uPos = inputStr.distance(from: inputStr.startIndex, to: range.upperBound)
let element = ((subStrings?[i])! as String, lPos, uPos)
resultArray.append(element)
}
}
for words in resultArray {
print(words)
}
return resultArray
}
返回 ("Why" 0,3) ("substrings"， 26, 36) (“Swift3”，40,46)
我为此创建了一个简单的扩展(Swift 3)
extension String {
func substring(location: Int, length: Int) -> String? {
guard characters.count >= location + length else { return nil }
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: location)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: location + length)
return substring(with: start..<end)
}
}
斯威夫特5
//假设，需要从2创建子字符串，长度为3
let s = "abcdef"
let subs = s.suffix(s.count-2).prefix(3)
// now subs = "cde"
我发现了这个相当简单的方法。
var str = "Hello, World"
let arrStr = Array(str)
print(arrStr[0..<5]) //["H", "e", "l", "l", "o"]
print(arrStr[7..<12]) //["W", "o", "r", "l", "d"]
print(String(arrStr[0..<5])) //Hello
print(String(arrStr[7..<12])) //World
下面是一个更通用的实现:
这种技术仍然使用索引来保持Swift的标准，并暗示一个完整的字符。
extension String
{
func subString <R> (_ range: R) -> String? where R : RangeExpression, String.Index == R.Bound
{
return String(self[range])
}
func index(at: Int) -> Index
{
return self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: at)
}
}
从第3个字符开始子字符串:
let item = "Fred looks funny"
item.subString(item.index(at: 2)...) // "ed looks funny"
我已经使用驼峰subString表示它返回一个字符串，而不是一个subString。
