我为此创建了一个简单的扩展(Swift 3)

extension String {
    func substring(location: Int, length: Int) -> String? {
        guard characters.count >= location + length else { return nil }
        let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: location)
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: location + length)
        return substring(with: start..<end)
    }
}

Swift 4和5:

extension String {
  subscript(_ i: Int) -> String {
    let idx1 = index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)
    let idx2 = index(idx1, offsetBy: 1)
    return String(self[idx1..<idx2])
  }

  subscript (r: Range<Int>) -> String {
    let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)
    let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound)
    return String(self[start ..< end])
  }

  subscript (r: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> String {
    let startIndex =  self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)
    let endIndex = self.index(startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound - r.lowerBound)
    return String(self[startIndex...endIndex])
  }
}

如何使用:

"abcde"[0] -> "a" “中的”[0…2]——>“abc” ”中的“[2 . .<4]——> "cd"

斯威夫特5

//假设，需要从2创建子字符串，长度为3

let s = "abcdef"    
let subs = s.suffix(s.count-2).prefix(3) 

// now subs = "cde"

同样的挫折，这应该不难…

我编译了这个从较大文本中获取子字符串位置的示例:

//
// Play with finding substrings returning an array of the non-unique words and positions in text
//
//

import UIKit

let Bigstring = "Why is it so hard to find substrings in Swift3"
let searchStrs : Array<String>? = ["Why", "substrings", "Swift3"]

FindSubString(inputStr: Bigstring, subStrings: searchStrs)


func FindSubString(inputStr : String, subStrings: Array<String>?) ->    Array<(String, Int, Int)> {
    var resultArray : Array<(String, Int, Int)> = []
    for i: Int in 0...(subStrings?.count)!-1 {
        if inputStr.contains((subStrings?[i])!) {
            let range: Range<String.Index> = inputStr.range(of: subStrings![i])!
            let lPos = inputStr.distance(from: inputStr.startIndex, to: range.lowerBound)
            let uPos = inputStr.distance(from: inputStr.startIndex, to: range.upperBound)
            let element = ((subStrings?[i])! as String, lPos, uPos)
            resultArray.append(element)
        }
    }
    for words in resultArray {
        print(words)
    }
    return resultArray
}

返回 ("Why" 0,3) ("substrings"， 26, 36) (“Swift3”，40,46)

我最初的反应也一样。我也对语法和对象在每个主要版本中发生如此巨大的变化感到沮丧。

然而，我从经验中意识到，我总是在努力对抗“变化”的过程中最终遭受后果，比如处理多字节字符，如果你面对的是全球受众，这是不可避免的。

因此，我决定承认并尊重苹果工程师所付出的努力，并尽我所能，理解他们在想出这种“可怕”方法时的心态。

与其创建扩展，这只是一个让你的生活更容易的解决方案(我不是说他们是错误的或昂贵的)，为什么不弄清楚字符串现在是如何设计工作的。

例如，我在Swift 2.2上有这样的代码:

let rString = cString.substringToIndex(2)
let gString = (cString.substringFromIndex(2) as NSString).substringToIndex(2)
let bString = (cString.substringFromIndex(4) as NSString).substringToIndex(2)

在放弃尝试使用相同的方法工作后，例如使用Substrings，我终于理解了将字符串作为双向集合的概念，为此我最终得到了这个版本的相同代码:

let rString = String(cString.characters.prefix(2))
cString = String(cString.characters.dropFirst(2))
let gString = String(cString.characters.prefix(2))
cString = String(cString.characters.dropFirst(2))
let bString = String(cString.characters.prefix(2))

我希望这有助于……

我对Swift的字符串访问模型感到非常沮丧:所有东西都必须是索引。我想要的只是使用Int访问字符串的第I个字符，而不是笨拙的索引和推进(这恰好随着每个主要版本的发布而改变)。所以我对String做了一个扩展:

extension String {
    func index(from: Int) -> Index {
        return self.index(startIndex, offsetBy: from)
    }

    func substring(from: Int) -> String {
        let fromIndex = index(from: from)
        return String(self[fromIndex...])
    }

    func substring(to: Int) -> String {
        let toIndex = index(from: to)
        return String(self[..<toIndex])
    }

    func substring(with r: Range<Int>) -> String {
        let startIndex = index(from: r.lowerBound)
        let endIndex = index(from: r.upperBound)
        return String(self[startIndex..<endIndex])
    }
}

let str = "Hello, playground"
print(str.substring(from: 7))         // playground
print(str.substring(to: 5))           // Hello
print(str.substring(with: 7..<11))    // play