我得到以下错误:

Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in        __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 763, in  run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "/Users/Matthew/Desktop/Skypebot 2.0/bot.py", line 271, in process
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 449, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1240, in https_open
context=self._context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1197, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)>

下面是导致这个错误的代码:

if input.startswith("!web"):
    input = input.replace("!web ", "")      
    url = "https://domainsearch.p.mashape.com/index.php?name=" + input
    req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={ 'X-Mashape-Key': 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' })
    info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
    Message.Chat.SendMessage ("" + info)

我正在使用的API要求我使用HTTPS。我怎样才能让它绕过验证呢?


当前回答

我在Python 2.7.9中遇到了这个问题

以下是我所做的:

卸载Python 2.7.9 删除c:\Python27文件夹 下载了Python 2.7.18,这是今天最新发布的Python 2.7。 重新运行应用程序 它成功了!

不再有任何“[CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)”错误。

其他回答

如果只想绕过验证,可以创建一个新的SSLContext。默认情况下,新创建的上下文使用CERT_NONE。

如17.3.7.2.1节所述,请注意这一点

当直接调用SSLContext构造函数时,CERT_NONE是默认值。由于它不验证另一个对等体,因此它可能是不安全的,特别是在客户端模式下,大多数时候您希望确保与之通信的服务器的真实性。因此,在客户端模式下,强烈建议使用CERT_REQUIRED。

但如果你只是想让它现在工作,你可以做以下事情,你也必须导入ssl:

input = input.replace("!web ", "")      
url = "https://domainsearch.p.mashape.com/index.php?name=" + input
req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={ 'X-Mashape-Key': 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' })
gcontext = ssl.SSLContext()  # Only for gangstars
info = urllib2.urlopen(req, context=gcontext).read()
Message.Chat.SendMessage ("" + info)

这应该可以解决您的问题,但您并没有真正解决任何问题,但您不会看到[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED],因为您现在没有验证证书!

为了补充以上内容,如果您想了解更多关于为什么会遇到这些问题的信息,请参阅PEP 476。

这个PEP建议在默认情况下启用X509证书签名的验证,以及Python的HTTP客户端的主机名验证,并在每次调用的基础上选择退出。此更改将应用于Python 2.7、Python 3.4和Python 3.5。

有一个建议选择退出,这与我上面的建议没有什么不同:

import ssl

# This restores the same behavior as before.
context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
urllib.urlopen("https://no-valid-cert", context=context)

它还提供了一个非常不推荐的monkeypatching选项,这在python中并不常见:

import ssl

ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

它用创建未经验证的上下文的函数覆盖用于创建上下文的默认函数。

请注意PEP中所述:

This guidance is aimed primarily at system administrators that wish to adopt newer versions of Python that implement this PEP in legacy environments that do not yet support certificate verification on HTTPS connections. For example, an administrator may opt out by adding the monkeypatch above to sitecustomize.py in their Standard Operating Environment for Python. Applications and libraries SHOULD NOT be making this change process wide (except perhaps in response to a system administrator controlled configuration setting).

如果你想读一篇关于为什么不验证证书是不好的软件的论文,你可以在这里找到它!

Craig Glennie的回答是:

MacOs Sierra上的Python 3.6.1

在bash终端中输入这个可以解决问题:

pip install certifi
/Applications/Python\ 3.6/Install\ Certificates.command

另一个水蟒解决方案。我在macOS上的Python 2.7环境中获得了CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED。事实证明conda路径很糟糕:

基地(3.7)环境:

>>> import ssl
>>> ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile='/usr/local/anaconda3/ssl/cert.pem', capath=None, openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/local/anaconda3/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/local/anaconda3/ssl/certs')

2.7 environment(路径不存在!)

DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile='', capath=None, openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/local/anaconda3/envs/py27/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/local/anaconda3/envs/py27/ssl/certs')

解决办法:

cd /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/py27/
mkdir ssl
cd ssl
ln -s ../../../ssl/cert.pem

我在这里找到了这个

我找到了这个解决方案,在你的源文件开始插入这段代码:

import ssl

try:
   _create_unverified_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
except AttributeError:
    # Legacy Python that doesn't verify HTTPS certificates by default
    pass
else:
    # Handle target environment that doesn't support HTTPS verification
    ssl._create_default_https_context = _create_unverified_https_context

这段代码将撤销验证,这样就不会验证ssl证书。

您可以使用以下命令在python中安装包

在木星笔记本上

!pip install --trusted-host=pypi.org --trusted-host=files.pythonhosted.org --user [Pacakage name]

!pip install --trusted-host=pypi.org --trusted-host=files.pythonhosted.org --user xgboost

请注意,我已经尝试在mac和windows中安装证书