我试图使用C扩展名文件构建共享库,但首先必须使用以下命令生成输出文件:

gcc -Wall utilsmodule.c -o Utilc

执行命令后,我收到以下错误消息:

> utilsmodule.c:1:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.

我已经在互联网上尝试了所有建议的解决方案,但问题仍然存在。我对Python.h没有问题。我设法在我的机器上找到了该文件。


当前回答

这里还有另一个解决方案,因为这些解决方案都不适合我。作为参考,我试图在AmazonLinuxAMI基础Docker镜像上安装Python 3.6的一些东西。

非码头解决方案:

# Install python3-devel like everyone says
yum -y install python36-devel.x86_64

# Find the install directory of `Python.h`
rpm -ql python36-devel.x86_64 | grep -i "Python.h"

# Forcefully add it to your include path
C_INCLUDE_PATH='/usr/include/python3.6m'
export C_INCLUDE_PATH

Docker解决方案:

# Install python3-devel like everyone says
RUN yum -y install python36-devel.x86_64

# Find the install directory of `Python.h`, for me it was /usr/include/python3.6m
RUN rpm -ql python36-devel.x86_64 | grep -i "Python.h" && fake_command_so_docker_fails_and_shows_us_the_output

# Since the previous command contains a purposeful error, remove it before the next run

# Forcefully add it to your include path
ARG C_INCLUDE_PATH='/usr/include/python3.6m'

注意:如果在编译C++时遇到错误,请使用CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH。

或者,您可能更喜欢使用另一个Docker映像。例如,我试图在python:3.9.4-slim上安装asyncpg~=0.24.0,这产生了与您看到的相同的错误。然而,当我将图像更新为python:3时,它工作得很好。

其他回答

若您使用cmake构建项目,可以使用这个示例。

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)
project(demo)
find_package(PythonLibs REQUIRED)
include_directories(${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
add_executable(demo main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(demo ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})

看起来您没有正确安装python dev的头文件和静态库。请使用包管理器在系统范围内安装它们。

对于apt(Ubuntu、Debian…):

sudo apt-get install python-dev   # for python2.x installs
sudo apt-get install python3-dev  # for python3.x installs

对于yum(CentOS,RHEL…):

sudo yum install python-devel    # for python2.x installs
sudo yum install python3-devel   # for python3.x installs

对于dnf(Fedora…):

sudo dnf install python2-devel  # for python2.x installs
sudo dnf install python3-devel  # for python3.x installs

对于zypper(openSUSE…):

sudo zypper in python-devel   # for python2.x installs
sudo zypper in python3-devel  # for python3.x installs

对于apk(Alpine…):

# This is a departure from the normal Alpine naming
# scheme, which uses py2- and py3- prefixes
sudo apk add python2-dev  # for python2.x installs
sudo apk add python3-dev  # for python3.x installs

对于apt-cyg(Cygwin…):

apt-cyg install python-devel   # for python2.x installs
apt-cyg install python3-devel  # for python3.x installs

注意:python3dev不会自动覆盖python3的所有次要版本,如果您正在使用例如python3.8,则可能需要安装python3.8-dev。

尝试定位Python.h:

gemfield@ThinkPad-X1C:~$ locate Python.h
/home/gemfield/anaconda3/include/python3.7m/Python.h
/home/gemfield/anaconda3/pkgs/python-3.7.6-h0371630_2/include/python3.7m/Python.h
/usr/include/python3.8/Python.h

如果找不到,则安装python-dev或python3dev;否则包括编译器的正确标头路径:

g++ -I/usr/include/python3.8 ...

这意味着Python.h不在编译器的默认包含路径中。您是在系统范围内安装还是在本地安装?你的操作系统是什么?

您可以使用-I<path>标志来指定编译器应该在其中查找标头的附加目录。您可能需要使用-L<path>进行后续操作,以便gcc可以使用-L<name>找到要链接的库。

我遇到的情况是我的Python.h位于/usr/include/python3.8和/usr/include/pyton2.7目录中,只需通过类似的方式给出gcc的路径-I/usr/include/pymon3.8即可python的版本替换为您的版本