这里还有另一个解决方案，因为这些解决方案都不适合我。作为参考，我试图在AmazonLinuxAMI基础Docker镜像上安装Python 3.6的一些东西。

非码头解决方案：

# Install python3-devel like everyone says
yum -y install python36-devel.x86_64

# Find the install directory of `Python.h`
rpm -ql python36-devel.x86_64 | grep -i "Python.h"

# Forcefully add it to your include path
C_INCLUDE_PATH='/usr/include/python3.6m'
export C_INCLUDE_PATH

Docker解决方案：

# Install python3-devel like everyone says
RUN yum -y install python36-devel.x86_64

# Find the install directory of `Python.h`, for me it was /usr/include/python3.6m
RUN rpm -ql python36-devel.x86_64 | grep -i "Python.h" && fake_command_so_docker_fails_and_shows_us_the_output

# Since the previous command contains a purposeful error, remove it before the next run

# Forcefully add it to your include path
ARG C_INCLUDE_PATH='/usr/include/python3.6m'

注意：如果在编译C++时遇到错误，请使用CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH。

或者，您可能更喜欢使用另一个Docker映像。例如，我试图在python:3.9.4-slim上安装asyncpg~=0.24.0，这产生了与您看到的相同的错误。然而，当我将图像更新为python:3时，它工作得很好。

Cygwin解决方案

您需要安装python2-devel或python3-devel包，具体取决于您使用的Python版本。

您可以使用Cygwin.com上的32位或64位setup.exe（取决于您的安装）快速安装它。

示例（如果需要，请修改setup.exe的文件名和Python的主要版本）：

$ setup.exe -q --packages=python3-devel

您还可以查看我的另一个答案，以获得从命令行安装Cygwin软件包的更多选项。

我设法解决了这个问题，并在一个命令中生成.so文件

gcc -shared -o UtilcS.so
-fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -lpython2.7  utilsmodule.c

CentOS 7：

sudo yum install python36u-devel

我按照这里的说明在几个虚拟机上安装python3.6：https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-python-3-and-set-up-a-local-programming-environment-on-centos-7然后能够构建mod_wsgi并使其与python3.6 virtualenv一起工作

尝试apt文件。很难记住丢失文件所在的包名。它是通用的，适用于任何包文件。

例如：

root@ubuntu234:~/auto# apt-file search --regexp '/Python.h$'
pypy-dev: /usr/lib/pypy/include/Python.h
python2.7-dbg: /usr/include/python2.7_d/Python.h
python2.7-dev: /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h
python3.2-dbg: /usr/include/python3.2dmu/Python.h
python3.2-dev: /usr/include/python3.2mu/Python.h
root@ubuntu234:~/auto# 

现在你可以做出专家猜测，从中选择哪一个。

这里还有另一个解决方案，因为这些解决方案都不适合我。作为参考，我试图在AmazonLinuxAMI基础Docker镜像上安装Python 3.6的一些东西。

非码头解决方案：

# Install python3-devel like everyone says
yum -y install python36-devel.x86_64

# Find the install directory of `Python.h`
rpm -ql python36-devel.x86_64 | grep -i "Python.h"

# Forcefully add it to your include path
C_INCLUDE_PATH='/usr/include/python3.6m'
export C_INCLUDE_PATH

Docker解决方案：

# Install python3-devel like everyone says
RUN yum -y install python36-devel.x86_64

# Find the install directory of `Python.h`, for me it was /usr/include/python3.6m
RUN rpm -ql python36-devel.x86_64 | grep -i "Python.h" && fake_command_so_docker_fails_and_shows_us_the_output

# Since the previous command contains a purposeful error, remove it before the next run

# Forcefully add it to your include path
ARG C_INCLUDE_PATH='/usr/include/python3.6m'

注意：如果在编译C++时遇到错误，请使用CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH。

或者，您可能更喜欢使用另一个Docker映像。例如，我试图在python:3.9.4-slim上安装asyncpg~=0.24.0，这产生了与您看到的相同的错误。然而，当我将图像更新为python:3时，它工作得很好。