你必须小心不要直接插入到你的SERIAL或sequence字段中，否则当序列达到插入值时，你的写入将失败:

-- Table: "test"

-- DROP TABLE test;

CREATE TABLE test
(
  "ID" SERIAL,
  "Rank" integer NOT NULL,
  "GermanHeadword" "text" [] NOT NULL,
  "PartOfSpeech" "text" NOT NULL,
  "ExampleSentence" "text" NOT NULL,
  "EnglishGloss" "text"[] NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT "PKey" PRIMARY KEY ("ID", "Rank")
)
WITH (
  OIDS=FALSE
);
-- ALTER TABLE test OWNER TO postgres;
 INSERT INTO test("Rank", "GermanHeadword", "PartOfSpeech", "ExampleSentence", "EnglishGloss")
           VALUES (1, '{"der", "die", "das", "den", "dem", "des"}', 'art', 'Der Mann küsst die Frau und das Kind schaut zu', '{"the", "of the" }');


 INSERT INTO test("ID", "Rank", "GermanHeadword", "PartOfSpeech", "ExampleSentence", "EnglishGloss")
           VALUES (2, 1, '{"der", "die", "das"}', 'pron', 'Das ist mein Fahrrad', '{"that", "those"}');

 INSERT INTO test("Rank", "GermanHeadword", "PartOfSpeech", "ExampleSentence", "EnglishGloss")
           VALUES (1, '{"der", "die", "das"}', 'pron', 'Die Frau, die nebenen wohnt, heißt Renate', '{"that", "who"}');

SELECT * from test; 

创建序列。

CREATE SEQUENCE user_role_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 9223372036854775807
  START 3
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE user_role_id_seq
  OWNER TO postgres;

和alter table

ALTER TABLE user_roles ALTER COLUMN user_role_id SET DEFAULT nextval('user_role_id_seq'::regclass);

是的，SERIAL是等价的函数。

CREATE TABLE foo (
    id SERIAL,
    bar varchar
);

INSERT INTO foo (bar) VALUES ('blah');
INSERT INTO foo (bar) VALUES ('blah');

SELECT * FROM foo;

+----------+
| 1 | blah |
+----------+
| 2 | blah |
+----------+

SERIAL只是一个关于序列的创建表时间宏。不能在现有列上更改SERIAL。

抱歉，要重复一个老问题，但这是谷歌上弹出的第一个Stack Overflow问题/答案。

这篇文章(首先在谷歌上发布)讨论了在PostgreSQL 10中使用更新后的语法: https://blog.2ndquadrant.com/postgresql-10-identity-columns/

这恰好是:

CREATE TABLE test_new (
    id int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
);

希望这对你有所帮助。

自从PostgreSQL 10

CREATE TABLE test_new (
    id int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
    payload text
);

如果你想在已经存在的表中添加sequence到id，你可以使用:

CREATE SEQUENCE user_id_seq;
ALTER TABLE user ALTER user_id SET DEFAULT NEXTVAL('user_id_seq');