>>> takeClosest = lambda num,collection:min(collection,key=lambda x:abs(x-num))
>>> takeClosest(5,[4,1,88,44,3])
4

lambda是一种书写“匿名”函数(没有名字的函数)的特殊方式。你可以给它分配任何你想要的名字，因为lambda是一个表达式。

以上内容的“长”写法是:

def takeClosest(num,collection):
   return min(collection,key=lambda x:abs(x-num))

值得注意的是，Lauritz使用平分的建议实际上并没有在MyList中找到与MyNumber最接近的值。相反，bisect在MyList中查找MyNumber之后的下一个值。所以在OP的例子中，你实际上会返回44的位置而不是4的位置。

>>> myList = [1, 3, 4, 44, 88] 
>>> myNumber = 5
>>> pos = (bisect_left(myList, myNumber))
>>> myList[pos]
...
44

要得到最接近5的值，您可以尝试将列表转换为数组，并像这样使用numpy中的argmin。

>>> import numpy as np
>>> myNumber = 5   
>>> myList = [1, 3, 4, 44, 88] 
>>> myArray = np.array(myList)
>>> pos = (np.abs(myArray-myNumber)).argmin()
>>> myArray[pos]
...
4

我不知道这有多快，我猜“不是很快”。

如果我可以补充@Lauritz的回答

为了不出现运行错误 不要忘记在bisect_left行之前添加一个条件:

if (myNumber > myList[-1] or myNumber < myList[0]):
    return False

所以完整的代码看起来像这样:

from bisect import bisect_left

def takeClosest(myList, myNumber):
    """
    Assumes myList is sorted. Returns closest value to myNumber.
    If two numbers are equally close, return the smallest number.
    If number is outside of min or max return False
    """
    if (myNumber > myList[-1] or myNumber < myList[0]):
        return False
    pos = bisect_left(myList, myNumber)
    if pos == 0:
            return myList[0]
    if pos == len(myList):
            return myList[-1]
    before = myList[pos - 1]
    after = myList[pos]
    if after - myNumber < myNumber - before:
       return after
    else:
       return before

def takeClosest(myList, myNumber):
    newlst = []
    for i in myList:
        newlst.append(i - myNumber)
    lstt = [abs(ele) for ele in newlst]
    print(myList[lstt.index(min(lstt))])

myList = [4, 1, 88, 44, 3]
myNumber = 5
takeClosest(myList,myNumber)

扩展Gustavo Lima的回答。不用创建一个全新的列表也可以完成同样的事情。随着FOR循环的进行，列表中的值可以替换为差值。

def f_ClosestVal(v_List, v_Number):
"""Takes an unsorted LIST of INTs and RETURNS INDEX of value closest to an INT"""
for _index, i in enumerate(v_List):
    v_List[_index] = abs(v_Number - i)
return v_List.index(min(v_List))

myList = [1, 88, 44, 4, 4, -2, 3]
v_Num = 5
print(f_ClosestVal(myList, v_Num)) ## Gives "3," the index of the first "4" in the list.

遍历列表并将当前最接近的数字与abs(currentNumber - myNumber)进行比较:

def takeClosest(myList, myNumber):
    closest = myList[0]
    for i in range(1, len(myList)):
        if abs(i - myNumber) < closest:
            closest = i
    return closest