def takeClosest(myList, myNumber):
    newlst = []
    for i in myList:
        newlst.append(i - myNumber)
    lstt = [abs(ele) for ele in newlst]
    print(myList[lstt.index(min(lstt))])

myList = [4, 1, 88, 44, 3]
myNumber = 5
takeClosest(myList,myNumber)

如果我可以补充@Lauritz的回答

为了不出现运行错误 不要忘记在bisect_left行之前添加一个条件:

if (myNumber > myList[-1] or myNumber < myList[0]):
    return False

所以完整的代码看起来像这样:

from bisect import bisect_left

def takeClosest(myList, myNumber):
    """
    Assumes myList is sorted. Returns closest value to myNumber.
    If two numbers are equally close, return the smallest number.
    If number is outside of min or max return False
    """
    if (myNumber > myList[-1] or myNumber < myList[0]):
        return False
    pos = bisect_left(myList, myNumber)
    if pos == 0:
            return myList[0]
    if pos == len(myList):
            return myList[-1]
    before = myList[pos - 1]
    after = myList[pos]
    if after - myNumber < myNumber - before:
       return after
    else:
       return before

遍历列表并将当前最接近的数字与abs(currentNumber - myNumber)进行比较:

def takeClosest(myList, myNumber):
    closest = myList[0]
    for i in range(1, len(myList)):
        if abs(i - myNumber) < closest:
            closest = i
    return closest

def takeClosest(myList, myNumber):
    newlst = []
    for i in myList:
        newlst.append(i - myNumber)
    lstt = [abs(ele) for ele in newlst]
    print(myList[lstt.index(min(lstt))])

myList = [4, 1, 88, 44, 3]
myNumber = 5
takeClosest(myList,myNumber)

如果我们不确定列表是否已排序，可以使用内置的min()函数来查找与指定数字距离最小的元素。

>>> min(myList, key=lambda x:abs(x-myNumber))
4

注意，它也适用于具有int键的字典，如{1:"a"， 2: "b"}。该方法耗时O(n)。

如果列表已经排序了，或者你可以只对数组排序一次，使用@Lauritz的回答中说明的平分方法，它只需要O(log n)时间(注意，检查列表是否已经排序是O(n)，排序是O(n log n))。

def closest(list, Number):
    aux = []
    for valor in list:
        aux.append(abs(Number-valor))

    return aux.index(min(aux))

这段代码将为您提供列表中与number最接近的数字的索引。

KennyTM给出的解决方案是最好的，但在您不能使用它的情况下(如brython)，这个函数将完成工作