calendar是使用JDK类处理时区的常用方法。Apache Commons还有一些可能有用的替代方案/实用程序。Edit Spong的留言提醒我，我听说Joda-Time真的很不错(尽管我自己没有用过)。

这段代码在我正在开发的应用程序中很有帮助:

    Instant date = null;
    Date sdf = null;
    String formatTemplate = "EEE MMM dd yyyy HH:mm:ss";
    try {
        SimpleDateFormat isoFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE MMM dd yyyy HH:mm:ss");
        isoFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone(ZoneId.of("US/Pacific")));
        sdf = isoFormat.parse(timeAtWhichToMakeAvailable);
        date = sdf.toInstant();

    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("did not parse: " + timeAtWhichToMakeAvailable);
    }

    LOGGER.info("timeAtWhichToMakeAvailable: " + timeAtWhichToMakeAvailable);
    LOGGER.info("sdf: " + sdf);
    LOGGER.info("parsed to: " + date);

如果有人需要这样做，如果您需要将XMLGregorianCalendar时区从UTC转换为当前时区，那么您所需要做的就是将时区设置为0，然后调用toGregorianCalendar()—它将保持相同的时区，但Date知道如何将其转换为您的时区，因此您可以从那里获得数据。

XMLGregorianCalendar xmlStartTime = DatatypeFactory.newInstance()
    .newXMLGregorianCalendar(
        ((GregorianCalendar)GregorianCalendar.getInstance());
xmlStartTime.setTimezone(0);
GregorianCalendar startCalendar = xmlStartTime.toGregorianCalendar();
Date startDate = startCalendar.getTime();
XMLGregorianCalendar xmlStartTime = DatatypeFactory.newInstance()
    .newXMLGregorianCalendar(startCalendar);
xmlStartTime.setHour(startDate.getHours());
xmlStartTime.setDay(startDate.getDate());
xmlStartTime.setMinute(startDate.getMinutes());
xmlStartTime.setMonth(startDate.getMonth()+1);
xmlStartTime.setTimezone(-startDate.getTimezoneOffset());
xmlStartTime.setSecond(startDate.getSeconds());
xmlStartTime.setYear(startDate.getYear() + 1900);
System.out.println(xmlStartTime.toString());

结果:

2015-08-26T12:02:27.183Z
2015-08-26T14:02:27.183+02:00

将日期转换为字符串，并使用SimpleDateFormat。

    SimpleDateFormat readFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
    readFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT" + timezoneOffset));
    String dateStr = readFormat.format(date);
    SimpleDateFormat writeFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
    Date date = writeFormat.parse(dateStr);

如果你必须只使用标准JDK类，你可以使用这个:

/**
 * Converts the given <code>date</code> from the <code>fromTimeZone</code> to the
 * <code>toTimeZone</code>.  Since java.util.Date has does not really store time zome
 * information, this actually converts the date to the date that it would be in the
 * other time zone.
 * @param date
 * @param fromTimeZone
 * @param toTimeZone
 * @return
 */
public static Date convertTimeZone(Date date, TimeZone fromTimeZone, TimeZone toTimeZone)
{
    long fromTimeZoneOffset = getTimeZoneUTCAndDSTOffset(date, fromTimeZone);
    long toTimeZoneOffset = getTimeZoneUTCAndDSTOffset(date, toTimeZone);

    return new Date(date.getTime() + (toTimeZoneOffset - fromTimeZoneOffset));
}

/**
 * Calculates the offset of the <code>timeZone</code> from UTC, factoring in any
 * additional offset due to the time zone being in daylight savings time as of
 * the given <code>date</code>.
 * @param date
 * @param timeZone
 * @return
 */
private static long getTimeZoneUTCAndDSTOffset(Date date, TimeZone timeZone)
{
    long timeZoneDSTOffset = 0;
    if(timeZone.inDaylightTime(date))
    {
        timeZoneDSTOffset = timeZone.getDSTSavings();
    }

    return timeZone.getRawOffset() + timeZoneDSTOffset;
}

功劳归于这篇文章。

您还可以在JVM级别设置时区

Date date1 = new Date();
System.out.println(date1);

TimeZone.setDefault(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
// or pass in a command line arg: -Duser.timezone="UTC"

Date date2 = new Date();
System.out.println(date2);

输出:

Thu Sep 05 10:11:12 EDT 2013
Thu Sep 05 14:11:12 UTC 2013