如果你正在使用spring，那么你可以使用下面的方法从src/main/resources中读取文件:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

  public String readFileToString(String path) throws IOException {

    StringBuilder resultBuilder = new StringBuilder("");
    ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(path);

    try (
        InputStream inputStream = resource.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream))) {

      String line;

      while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
        resultBuilder.append(line);
      }

    }

    return resultBuilder.toString();
  }

问题是某些第三方库需要文件路径名而不是输入流。大多数答案都没有提到这个问题。

在这种情况下，一种解决方法是将资源内容复制到临时文件中。下面的例子使用了jUnit的TemporaryFolder。

    private List<String> decomposePath(String path){
        List<String> reversed = Lists.newArrayList();
        File currFile = new File(path);
        while(currFile != null){
            reversed.add(currFile.getName());
            currFile = currFile.getParentFile();
        }
        return Lists.reverse(reversed);
    }

    private String writeResourceToFile(String resourceName) throws IOException {
        ClassLoader loader = getClass().getClassLoader();
        InputStream configStream = loader.getResourceAsStream(resourceName);
        List<String> pathComponents = decomposePath(resourceName);
        folder.newFolder(pathComponents.subList(0, pathComponents.size() - 1).toArray(new String[0]));
        File tmpFile = folder.newFile(resourceName);
        Files.copy(configStream, tmpFile.toPath(), REPLACE_EXISTING);
        return tmpFile.getAbsolutePath();
    }

由于某些原因，当我将web应用程序部署到WildFly 14时，classLoader.getResource()总是返回null。从getClass(). getclassloader()或Thread.currentThread(). getcontextclassloader()获取classLoader返回null。

getclassloader () API文档说，

"返回该类的类装入器。一些实现可能使用null来表示引导类装入器。如果该类是由引导类装入器装入的，则此方法在此类实现中将返回null。”

可能是如果你正在使用WildFly和你的web应用程序试试这个

request.getServletContext(). getresource()返回资源url。这里request是ServletRequest的一个对象。

到目前为止(2017年12月)，这是我发现的唯一一个在IDE内部和外部都可以工作的解决方案。

使用PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver

注意:它也适用于spring-boot

在这个例子中，我读取了src/main/resources/my_folder中的一些文件:

try {
    // Get all the files under this inner resource folder: my_folder
    String scannedPackage = "my_folder/*";
    PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver scanner = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
    Resource[] resources = scanner.getResources(scannedPackage);

    if (resources == null || resources.length == 0)
        log.warn("Warning: could not find any resources in this scanned package: " + scannedPackage);
    else {
        for (Resource resource : resources) {
            log.info(resource.getFilename());
            // Read the file content (I used BufferedReader, but there are other solutions for that):
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(resource.getInputStream()));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                // ...
                // ...                      
            }
            bufferedReader.close();
        }
    }
} catch (Exception e) {
    throw new Exception("Failed to read the resources folder: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}

如果你正在使用spring，那么你可以使用下面的方法从src/main/resources中读取文件:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

  public String readFileToString(String path) throws IOException {

    StringBuilder resultBuilder = new StringBuilder("");
    ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(path);

    try (
        InputStream inputStream = resource.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream))) {

      String line;

      while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
        resultBuilder.append(line);
      }

    }

    return resultBuilder.toString();
  }

就我而言，我终于做到了

import java.lang.Thread;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

final BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
      Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("file.txt"))
); // no initial slash in file.txt