如果你正在使用spring，那么你可以使用下面的方法从src/main/resources中读取文件:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

  public String readFileToString(String path) throws IOException {

    StringBuilder resultBuilder = new StringBuilder("");
    ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(path);

    try (
        InputStream inputStream = resource.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream))) {

      String line;

      while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
        resultBuilder.append(line);
      }

    }

    return resultBuilder.toString();
  }

就我而言，我终于做到了

import java.lang.Thread;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

final BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
      Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("file.txt"))
); // no initial slash in file.txt

与其试图将资源定位为File，不如让ClassLoader通过getResourceAsStream为资源返回一个InputStream:

try (InputStream in = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/file.txt");
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in))) {
    // Use resource
}

只要file.txt资源在类路径上是可用的，那么无论file.txt资源是在classes/目录中还是在jar中，这种方法都会以同样的方式工作。

URI不是分层的，因为jar文件中资源的URI看起来像这样:file:/example.jar!/file.txt。您不能像读取普通的旧文件一样读取jar (zip文件)中的条目。

以下问题的答案很好地解释了这一点:

如何从Java jar文件中读取资源文件? Java Jar文件:使用资源错误:URI不是分层的

到目前为止(2017年12月)，这是我发现的唯一一个在IDE内部和外部都可以工作的解决方案。

使用PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver

注意:它也适用于spring-boot

在这个例子中，我读取了src/main/resources/my_folder中的一些文件:

try {
    // Get all the files under this inner resource folder: my_folder
    String scannedPackage = "my_folder/*";
    PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver scanner = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
    Resource[] resources = scanner.getResources(scannedPackage);

    if (resources == null || resources.length == 0)
        log.warn("Warning: could not find any resources in this scanned package: " + scannedPackage);
    else {
        for (Resource resource : resources) {
            log.info(resource.getFilename());
            // Read the file content (I used BufferedReader, but there are other solutions for that):
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(resource.getInputStream()));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                // ...
                // ...                      
            }
            bufferedReader.close();
        }
    }
} catch (Exception e) {
    throw new Exception("Failed to read the resources folder: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}

下面的代码使用Spring引导(kotlin):

val authReader = InputStreamReader(javaClass.getResourceAsStream("/file1.json"))

你可以使用类加载器从类路径中读取根路径(开头没有“/”)

InputStream in = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("file.txt"); 
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));